{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T05:21:45Z","timestamp":1793510505596,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. Psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933826101606_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the last decade, UN bodies and the WHO call for the abolition of coercion in psychiatry. Studies provide some evidence for interventions to reduce the use of coercion, but it is unclear whether the use of coercion is decreasing in real-world practice. The aim of this study was to gather longitudinal ecologic data on the use of coercive interventions in European countries and to depict trends over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933826101606_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For each country, inclusion required access to ecologic datasets spanning a minimum of four years, pertain to a defined population (country or federal state level), and allowing the necessary elements to calculate both the proportion of psychiatric admissions affected by involuntary admissions (IAs) and coercive measures (CMs) and the rate per 100,000 inhabitants. Country experts were accessed via a European network of experts (FOSTREN group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933826101606_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from Austria, England, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, and covered periods between 4 and 10 years. In no country, an absolute decrease in IA and the use of CM could be observed. Rates of IA per 100,000 inhabitants changed between \u22125.4% (Sweden) and +37% (Germany). Rates of admissions exposed to any kind of CM changed between +11% (Austria) and +86% (Norway).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933826101606_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest a persistence or rise in coercive practices despite national and international policy commitments. An increase in involuntary admissions suggests reasons outside psychiatric hospitals, whereas a disproportionate increase in coercive measures may indicate a change of practice in in-patient psychiatry. Further research is needed to explore the reasons from clinical and societal perspectives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2026.10160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:45:12Z","timestamp":1770965112000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Abolition of coercion in psychiatry on the horizon? A descriptive ecologic data study from six European countries"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Tilman","family":"Steinert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/032000t02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ulm University: Universitat Ulm"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9350-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bj\u00f6rkdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/056d84691","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Healthcare Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8788-5176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erich","family":"Flammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05q7twd40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centres for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Fradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hstj355","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Manchester Metropolitan University \u2013 All Saints Campus: Manchester Metropolitan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6989-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Haines-Delmont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hstj355","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Manchester Metropolitan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1012-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/032000t02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Ulm: Universitat Ulm, Centres for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4565-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Kjellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05kytsw45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Orebro University: Orebro Universitet"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5842-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorun","family":"Rugkasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q12yn84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Oslo Metropolitan University Faculty of Health Sciences: OsloMet \u2013 Storbyunivers"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Scharfetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02cm3s998","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Klinik Donaustadt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bnkt322","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bern University of Applied Sciences: Berner Fachhochschule"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933826101606_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256268"},{"key":"S0924933826101606_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20950"},{"key":"S0924933826101606_r20","first-page":"483","article-title":"Trends in gedwongen opnames en zorg in de periode 2003\u20132023 in Nederland [Trends in compulsory admissions and care in the period 2003\u20132023 in the Netherlands]","volume":"66","author":"Noorthoorn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"key":"S0924933826101606_r39","first-page":"336","article-title":"Measures to avoid coercion in psychiatry and their efficacy","volume":"116","author":"Hirsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"S0924933826101606_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.778793"},{"key":"S0924933826101606_r12","unstructured":"[12] Deutscher Ethikrat (German Ethics Council). 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