{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T18:07:51Z","timestamp":1777313271298,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    There are almost 50 years of research on fragility and vulnerability assessment, both key elements in seismic risk or loss estimation. This paper presents the online database of physical vulnerability models that has been created as part of the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) initiative. The database comprises fragility and vulnerability curves, damage\u2010to\u2010loss models, and capacity curves for various types of structures. The attributes that have been selected to characterize each function, the constraints of setting up a usable database, the challenges in collecting these models, and the current trends in the development of vulnerability models are discussed in this study. The current collection of models leverages upon the outputs of several initiatives, such as GEM's Global Vulnerability Consortium and the European Syner\u2010G project. This database is publicly available through the web\u2010based GEM OpenQuake\u2010platform\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.13117\/GEM.DATASET.VULN.WEB-V1.0\">http:\/\/doi.org\/10.13117\/GEM.DATASET.VULN.WEB\u2010V1.0<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1193\/011816eqs015dp","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]],"date-time":"2016-08-12T16:43:05Z","timestamp":1471020185000},"page":"2567-2585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The Global Earthquake Model Physical Vulnerability Database"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Catalina","family":"Yepes\u2010Estrada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GEM Foundation Via Ferrata 1 Pavia Italy"}]},{"given":"Vitor","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEM Foundation Via Ferrata 1 Pavia Italy"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Rossetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPICentre Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering University College London Gower Street London"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"D'Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPICentre Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering University College London Gower Street London"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPICentre Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering University College London Gower Street London"}]},{"given":"Abdelghani","family":"Meslem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR) Gunnar Randers Kjeller Norway"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEM Foundation Via Ferrata 1 Pavia Italy"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/1.2084232"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13632460409350504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Earthquake Damage Evaluation Data for California","author":"Applied Technology Council (ATC)","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings","author":"Applied Technology Council (ATC)","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Bonett D\u00edazR. L. 2003.Vulnerabilidad y riesgo s\u00edsmico de edificios. Aplicaci\u00f3n a entornos urbanos en zonas de amenaza alta y moderada PhD Thesis Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2007.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13117\/GEM.EXP\u2010MOD.TR2013.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"LESSLOSS \u2010 A European integrated project on risk mitigation for earthquakes and landslides","author":"Calvi M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.63898\/BUSY2147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eqe.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-008-9073-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Epistemic Uncertainty in Fragility Functions for European RC Buildings. 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