{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T19:56:05Z","timestamp":1773518165204,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes the results of a numerical study of a full\u2010scale adobe building model tested on a shaking table. Material properties of adobe masonry were calibrated to represent the wall in\u2010plane seismic behavior, based on a prior numerical analysis of an adobe wall carried out by the authors. The inelastic part of the constitutive model was represented by a softening curve in tension and by a hardening\/softening behavior in compression; thus, the fracture energy is a key issue in the modeling process. A finite element model that relies on a homogenous continuum approach was developed in Abaqus\/Explicit software. The damage evolution in the numerical simulation represented fairly well the experimental crack pattern, for in\u2010plane and out\u2010of\u2010plane seismic effects. Overall, the calibrated material properties and the explicit solution scheme proved to be appropriate for simulating the seismic behavior and predicting capacity of unreinforced adobe structures subjected to seismic loading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1193\/022512eqs053m","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]],"date-time":"2013-09-06T14:42:18Z","timestamp":1378478538000},"page":"1643-1661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Full\u2010Scale Unreinforced Adobe Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Tarque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Civil Engineering Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32 Peru"},{"name":"ROSE School IUSS Pavia Via Ferrata 1 27100 Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cG. D'Annunzio\u201d Chieti\u2010Pescara Viale Pindaro 42 65127 Pescara Italy"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Camata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cG. D'Annunzio\u201d Chieti\u2010Pescara Viale Pindaro 42 65127 Pescara Italy"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Spacone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cG. D'Annunzio\u201d Chieti\u2010Pescara Viale Pindaro 42 65127 Pescara Italy"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Varum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering University of Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Aveiro Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marcial","family":"Blondet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Civil Engineering Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32 Peru"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Abaqus\/CAE Extended Funcionality EF2, Manual","author":"Abaqus 6.9 SIMULIA","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"BehbahanifardM. R. GrondinG. Y. andElwiA. E. 2004.Analysis of steel plate shear walls using explicti finite element method 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver Canada."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"BlondetM. andVargasJ. 1978.Investigaci\u00f3n sobre vivienda rural Report Division of Civil Engineering Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa Lima Peru."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"BlondetM. Madue\u00f1oI. TorrealvaD. Villa\u2010Garc\u00edaG. andGinocchioF. 2005.Using industrial materials for the construction of safe adobe houses in seismic areas Proceedings of Earth Build 2005 Conference Sydney Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"BlondetM. VargasJ. Vel\u00e1squezJ. andTarqueN. 2006.Experimental study of synthetic mesh reinforcement of historical adobe buildings Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions(Louren\u00e7o P. B. Roca P. Modena C. and Agrawal S. eds.) New Delhi India 1\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"CruzJ. S. BarrosJ. andAzevedo\u00c1. 2004.Elasto\u2010Plastic Multi\u2010Fixed Smeared Crack Model for Concrete Report 04\u2010DEC\/E\u201005 University of Minho Minho Portugal."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"FeenstraP. H. anddeBorstR. 1992.The use of various crack models in F.E. analysis of reinforced concrete panels First International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures: FraMCoS1(Ba\u017eant Z. P. ed.) Colorado."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"38","volume-title":"Modeling of Inelastic Behavior of RC Structures under Seismis Loads","author":"Feenstra P. 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Villa\u2010Garc\u00edaG. andGinocchioF. 1989.Ensayos de simulaci\u00f3n s\u00edsmica de viviendas de adobe Report Division of Civil Engineering Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa Lima Peru."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"800","volume-title":"Reinforced Concrete Structures","author":"Park R.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Finite element model for masonry","volume":"104","author":"Page A. W.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Structural Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"Pel\u00e0L. 2008.Continuum Damage Model for Nonlinear Analysis of Masonry Structures Ph.D. Thesis Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-010-9046-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Numerical simulation of cracking in structural masonry","volume":"36","author":"Rots J. 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