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The benefits of mitigation are quantified in monetary terms by assessing the reductions in risk of building damage (repairs) and occupant fatalities. When evaluated considering repair costs only, the maximum cost of retrofitting that offers a positive rate of return is 10% to 30% of the building replacement value. Since seismic retrofits generally cost more than this, this result suggests that reduced risk of damage and repairs alone does not warrant the expense of retrofitting. However, the added benefits of reduced fatality risks would make retrofitting cost\u2010effective if it costs as much as 60% of the building replacement cost. The cost\u2010benefit approach provides an important tool to evaluate the merits of seismic mitigation in light of competing demands for finite public and private resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1193\/030911eqs040m","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T12:01:45Z","timestamp":1377259305000},"page":"1391-1411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Cost\u2010Benefit Evaluation of Seismic Risk Mitigation Alternatives for Older Concrete Frame Buildings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Abbie B.","family":"Liel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309"}]},{"given":"Gregory G.","family":"Deierlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"American Concrete Institute (ACI) 2005.Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete ACI 318 Farmington Hills MI."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2005.Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures ASCE 7\u201005 Reston VA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2007.Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings ASCE\/SEI 41\u201006 Reston VA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Applied Technology Council (ATC) 2011.Guidelines for Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings ATC\u201058 75% Draft prepared for Federal Emergency Management Agency Redwood City CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Seismic Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Building Structures","author":"Bai J.\u2010W.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:2(73)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"472","volume-title":"Means Square Foot Costs","author":"Balboni B.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13632460601125714"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"521","article-title":"Strength, stiffness and cyclic deformation capacity of concrete jacketed members","volume":"104","author":"Bousias S. 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