{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:45:49Z","timestamp":1787021149980,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    As performance\u2010based earthquake engineering (FEMA P\u201058) becomes more widely adopted in design and risk analysis practice, it is important to understand the degree to which the calculations reflect reality. This article proposes a methodology for evaluating P\u201058 component\u2010level loss predictions across buildings subjected to given seismic events, which involves ranking P\u201058 loss predictions according to categorical component damage information recorded on post\u2010earthquake damage surveys. The methodology explicitly incorporates uncertainties in predictions and utilizes a ground shaking benchmark to determine whether P\u201058 analyses provide more insight into damage than variations in ground shaking between buildings. Two example applications of the methodology are provided, involving nonstructural component data from the 2011\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      M\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    6.1 Christchurch Earthquake, for which there is negligible variation in shaking between buildings, and the 1994\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      M\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    6.7\u00a0Northridge Earthquake, for which there is notable variation in shaking between buildings. We find that P\u201058\u00a0non\u2010structural component\u2010level loss predictions perform better overall than the ground shaking benchmark in both cases. The methodology offers an understanding of how P\u201058 component\u2010level loss predictions align with actual observed damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1193\/031618eqs061m","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T13:06:51Z","timestamp":1541768811000},"page":"193-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A Methodology for Evaluating Component\u2010Level Loss Predictions of the FEMA P\u201058 Seismic Performance Assessment Procedure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Gemma","family":"Cremen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Stanford CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack W.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Stanford CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"BakerJ.CremenG.GiovinazziS.andSevilleE.2016.Benchmarking FEMA P\u201058 performance predictions against observed earthquake data \u2013 A preliminary evaluation for the Canterbury earthquake sequence inProceedings 2016 Annual Conference of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 1\u20133 April 2016 Christchurch New Zealand."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2011.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/1.3632109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"CordovaP. P.DeierleinG. G.MehannyS. S.andCornellC. A.2000.Development of a two\u2010parameter seismic intensity measure and probabilistic assessment procedure inThe Second US\u2010Japan Workshop on Performance\u2010Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology for Reinforced Concrete Building Structures 187\u2013206 11\u201313 September 2000 Sapporo Hokkaido Japan."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Progress and challenges in seismic performance assessment","volume":"3","author":"Cornell C. A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"PEER Center News"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/122916EQS257M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER): A System for Rapidly Determining the Impact of Earthquakes Worldwide","author":"Earle P. S.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 2012.FEMA P\u201058\u20101: Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings Volume 1 \u2013 Methodology Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"KimJ. H.2015.Quantitative Analysis of Factors Influencing Post\u2010Earthquake Decisions on Concrete Buildings in Christchurch New Zealand Master's Thesis University of British Columbia Vancouver."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/1.1585974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/1.1585976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"LinS. L.GiovinazziS.andPampaninS.2012.Loss estimation in Christchurch CBD following recent earthquakes: Validation and refinement of current procedures Paper No. 082 inProceedings of 2012 NZSEE Conference 13\u201315 April 2012 Christchurch New Zealand."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118445112.stat06337"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MarquisF.2015.A Framework for Understanding Post\u2010Earthquake Decisions on Multi\u2010Storey Concrete Buildings in Christchurch New Zealand Master's Thesis University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-015-9772-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"MoehleJ.andDeierleinG. G.2004.A framework methodology for performance\u2010based earthquake engineering Paper No. 679 in13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering 1\u20136 August 2004 Vancouver Canada 3812\u20133814."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Performance of Extensively Instrumented Buildings during the January 17, 1994 Northridge Earthquake \u2013 An Interactive Information System, Report No. 7530.68\u201097","author":"Naeim F.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"NaeimF.andLoboR.1998.Performance of nonstructural components during the January 17 1994 Northridge Earthquake \u2013 Case studies of six instrumented multistory buildings inProceedings of the Seminar on Seismic Design Retrofit and Performance of Nonstructural Components Report ATC\u201029\u20101 Applied Technology Council Redwood City CA 107\u2013119."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/1.1585977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0890051379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"PorterK. A.JaiswalK. S.WaldD. J.GreeneM.andComartinC.2008.WHE\u2010PAGER Project: A new initiative in estimating global building inventory and its seismic vulnerability inProceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering 12\u201317 October 2008 Beijing China."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Assembly\u2010Based Vulnerability of Buildings and Its Uses in Seismic Performance Evaluation and Risk Management Decision\u2010Making, Report No. 139","author":"Porter K. 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