{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T09:34:42Z","timestamp":1775381682277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a conceptual framework to define seismic resilience of communities and quantitative measures of resilience that can be useful for a coordinated research effort focusing on enhancing this resilience. This framework relies on the complementary measures of resilience: \u201cReduced failure probabilities,\u201d \u201cReduced consequences from failures,\u201d and \u201cReduced time to recovery.\u201d The framework also includes quantitative measures of the \u201cends\u201d of robustness and rapidity, and the \u201cmeans\u201d of resourcefulness and redundancy, and integrates those measures into the four dimensions of community resilience\u2014technical, organizational, social, and economic\u2014all of which can be used to quantify measures of resilience for various types of physical and organizational systems. Systems diagrams then establish the tasks required to achieve these objectives. This framework can be useful in future research to determine the resiliency of different units of analysis and systems, and to develop resiliency targets and detailed analytical procedures to generate these values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1193\/1.1623497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,14]],"date-time":"2003-11-14T21:18:58Z","timestamp":1068844738000},"page":"733-752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4322,"title":["A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Michel","family":"Bruneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, 4 Red Jacket Quadrangle University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14261"}]},{"given":"Stephanie E.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Box 353550 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195\u20103550"}]},{"given":"Ronald T.","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImageCat Inc Union Bank of California Building, 400 Oceangate, Suite 305 Long Beach CA 90802"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, 4 Red Jacket Quadrangle University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14261"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"O'Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, 273 Hollister Hall Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853\u20103501"}]},{"given":"Andrei M.","family":"Reinhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural &amp; Environmental Engineering, 231\u00a0Ketter Hall University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Shinozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, E\/4150 Engineering Gateway University of California at Irvine Irvine CA 92697"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Tierney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Hazards Center 482 UCB Boulder CO 80309\u20100482"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences and Engineering Systems, 110 8th St. Center for Industrial Innovation Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180"}]},{"given":"Detlof","family":"von Winterfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Policy, Planning, and Development University of Southern California Mail Code 0041 Los Angeles CA 90089\u20100041"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1193\/1.1623497","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1193\/1.1623497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T12:25:20Z","timestamp":1769343920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1193\/1.1623497"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/earthquake-spectra\/article\/19\/4\/733\/584942\/a-framework-to-quantitatively-assess-and-enhance","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1193\/1.1623497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1193\/1.1623497","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-2930","1944-8201"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-2930","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8201","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}}}