{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:50:34Z","timestamp":1776142234480,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1S","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,8]],"date-time":"2019-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1468,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A large portion of the population of the United States lives in areas vulnerable to earthquake hazards. This investigation aims to quantify population and infrastructure exposure in places within the conterminous United States that are subjected to varying levels of earthquake ground motions by systematically analyzing the last four cycles of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Models (published in 1996, 2002, 2008 and 2014). Using the 2013\u00a0LandScan data, we estimate the number of people who are exposed to potentially damaging ground motions (peak ground accelerations at or above 0.1 g). At least 28\u00a0million (~9% of the total population) may experience 0.1 g level of shaking at relatively frequent intervals [annual rate of 1\u00a0in 72 years or 50% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 years], 57\u00a0million (~18% of the total population) may experience this level of shaking at moderately frequent intervals (annual rate of 1\u00a0in 475 years or 10% PE in 50 years), and 143\u00a0million (~46% of the total population) may experience such shaking at relatively infrequent intervals (annual rate of 1\u00a0in 2,475 years or 2% PE in 50 years). We also show that there are a significant number of critical infrastructure facilities located in high\u2010earthquake\u2010hazard areas (modified Mercalli intensity \u2265 VII with moderately frequent recurrence interval).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1193\/111814eqs195m","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]],"date-time":"2015-07-29T14:16:58Z","timestamp":1438179418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Earthquake Shaking Hazard Estimates and Exposure Changes in the Conterminous United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Kishor S.","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Golden CO 80401"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Golden CO 80401"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Rukstales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Golden CO 80403"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Leith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earthquake and Geologic Hazards Program U.S. Geological Survey Reston VA 20192"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC)1997NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures Part 2: Commentary FEMA 303FEMA Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Central and Eastern United States\u2013Seismic Source Characterization (CEUS\u2013SSC)2012Central and Eastern United States Seismic Source Characterization for Nuclear FacilitiesPalo Alto CA EPRI U.S. DOE and U.S. NRC [variously paged] available athttp:\/\/www.ceus\u2010ssc.com\/Report\/Downloads.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"California Seismic Safety Commission (CSSC)2004Seismic Safety in California's Schools: Findings and Recommendations on Seismic Safety Policies and Requirements for Public Private and Charter Schools SSC 04\u201004Sacramento CA15pp"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"California Seismic Safety Commission (CSSC)2009The Field Act and its Relative Effectiveness in Reducing Earthquake Damage in California Public Schools CSSC 09\u20100220pp"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"264","article-title":"Relating conventional USGS modified Mercalli intensities to intensities assigned with data collected via the Internet","volume":"71","author":"Dewey J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Seismol. 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