{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T01:55:48Z","timestamp":1783994148971,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The study of earthquakes from historical sources, or historical seismology, was considered an early priority for the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) project, which commissioned a study of historical seismicity on a global scale. This was the Global Earthquake History (GEH) project, led jointly by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV; Milan, Italy) and the British Geological Survey (BGS; UK). GEH was structured around three complementary deliverables: archive, catalog, and the Web infrastructure designed to store both the archive and catalog. The Global Historical Earthquake Archive (GHEA) provides a complete account of the global situation in historical seismology for large earthquakes. From GHEA, the Global Historical Earthquake Catalogue (GHEC v1.0) was derived\u2014a world catalog of earthquakes for the period 1000\u20131903, with magnitudes of M\n                    <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    7 and over. Though much remains to be done, the data here presented show that the compilation of both archive and catalog contribute to an improved understanding of the Global Earthquake History.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1193\/122013eqs297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T15:23:41Z","timestamp":1402932221000},"page":"607-624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The Global Earthquake History"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Albini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Sezione di Milano, Via Edoardo Bassini 15 20133 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger M. W.","family":"Musson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Geological Survey (BGS) Murchison House, West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3LA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rovida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Sezione di Milano, Via Edoardo Bassini 15 20133 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Locati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Sezione di Milano, Via Edoardo Bassini 15 20133 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio A.","family":"Gomez Capera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Sezione di Milano, Via Edoardo Bassini 15 20133 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Vigan\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Milano"},{"name":"Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Via Ferrata 1 27100 Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"202","volume-title":"Global Historical Earthquake Archive and Catalogue (1000\u20131903), GEM Technical Report 2013\u201001 V1.0.0","author":"Albini P.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2004.02323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0870061502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0840051650"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-006-0085-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Global Significant Earthquake Database","author":"Dunbar P.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD).AHEAD European distributed Archive of Historical Earthquake Data available athttp:\/\/www.emidius.eu\/AHEAD(last accessed March 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0890010094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120090330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Global Historical Earthquake Archive (GHEA) 2013.Global Historical Earthquake Archive available athttp:\/\/www.emidius.eu\/GEH."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Global Historical Earthquake Catalogue (GHEC v1.0) 2013.Global Historical Earthquake Catalogue available athttp:\/\/www.emidius.eu\/GEH."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Waves of Destruction in the East Indies: English Translation and Analysis of the Wichmann Catalog of Earthquakes and Tsunami in the Indonesian Region from 1538 to 1877, Internal Report","author":"Harris R.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0860030832"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0220130113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"514","volume-title":"Chinese Historical Catalog from 2300 B.C. to A.D. 1911","author":"Ziqun Min","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-6142(02)80256-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"MussonR. M. W. 2012a.A Provisional Catalog of Historical Earthquakes in Indonesia British Geological Survey Open Report OR\/12\/073 Edinburgh 21pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"768","volume-title":"Elementary Seismology","author":"Richter C. F.","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120080329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Die Erdbeben des indischen Archipels bis zum Jahre 1857","author":"Wichmann C. E. A.","year":"1918"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Die Erdbeben des Indischen Archipels von 1858 bis 1877","author":"Wichmann C. E. 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