{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:13:56Z","timestamp":1791242036800,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4185,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Lipid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.r800075-jlr200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,18]],"date-time":"2008-11-18T02:48:51Z","timestamp":1226976531000},"page":"S406-S411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Biliary lipids and cholesterol gallstone disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"David Q-H.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C.","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib1","unstructured":"Liver Disease Subcommittee of the Digestive Disease Interagency Coordinating Committee. 2004. Action Plan for Liver Disease Research. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37422-8","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization of Lith genes that determine susceptibility to cholesterol cholelithiasis in inbred mice: physical-chemistry of gallbladder bile","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20654","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on symptomatic gallstone disease: a Swedish study of 43,141 twin pairs","volume":"41","author":"Katsika","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.17.7729","article-title":"Lith1, a major gene affecting cholesterol gallstone formation among inbred strains of mice","volume":"92","author":"Khanuja","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31949-0","article-title":"Biliary secretion and excretion in health and disease: current concepts","volume":"6","author":"Hofmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00271a029","article-title":"Quasi-elastic light-scattering studies of aqueous biliary lipid systems. Cholesterol solubilization and precipitation in model bile solutions","volume":"22","author":"Mazer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochemistry."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39199-9","article-title":"Imaging biliary lipid secretion in the rat: ultrastructural evidence for vesiculation of the hepatocyte canalicular membrane","volume":"36","author":"Crawford","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109025","article-title":"The physical chemistry of cholesterol solubility in bile. Relationship to gallstone formation and dissolution in man","volume":"61","author":"Carey","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40677-7","article-title":"Critical tables for calculating the cholesterol saturation of native bile","volume":"19","author":"Carey","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib10","first-page":"G1","article-title":"Quasielastic light scattering evidence for vesicular secretion of biliary lipids","volume":"257","author":"Cohen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(86)90260-2","article-title":"Cholesterol-phospholipid vesicles in human bile: an ultrastructural study","volume":"879","author":"So\u00a8mjen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib12","first-page":"G73","article-title":"Microscope laser light-scattering spectroscopy of vesicles within canaliculi of rat hepatocytes couplets","volume":"269","author":"Mo\u00a8ckel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10046","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.16.10046","article-title":"The sister of P-glycoprotein represents the canalicular bile salt export pump of mammalian liver","volume":"273","author":"Gerloff","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.2011","article-title":"Targeted inactivation of sister of P-glycoprotein gene (spgp) in mice results in nonprogressive but persistent intrahepatic cholestasis","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib15","series-title":"Enterohepatic circulation. In The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology. 3rd Edition. I. M. Arias, J. L. Boyer, N. Fausto, W. B. Jakoby, D. Schachter, and D. A. Shafritz","first-page":"719","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90380-9","article-title":"Homozygous disruption of the murine mdr2 P-glycoprotein gene leads to a complete absence of phospholipid from bile and to liver disease","volume":"75","author":"Smit","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119799","article-title":"Hepatic secretion of phospholipid vesicles in the mouse critically depends on mdr2 or MDR3 P-glycoprotein expression. Visualization by electron microscopy","volume":"100","author":"Crawford","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117658","article-title":"Regulation of biliary lipid secretion by mdr2 P-glycoprotein in the mouse","volume":"95","author":"Oude Elferink","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216001","article-title":"Overexpression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 promotes biliary cholesterol secretion and reduces fractional absorption of dietary cholesterol","volume":"110","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21579","article-title":"Quantifying anomalous intestinal sterol uptake, lymphatic transport, and biliary secretion in Abcg8(\u2212\/\u2212) mice","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105794","article-title":"The physicochemical basis of cholesterol gallstone formation in man","volume":"47","author":"Admirand","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37603-3","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400458-JLR200","article-title":"Biliary cholesterol crystallization characterized by single-crystal cryogenic electron diffraction","volume":"46","author":"Weihs","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37458-7","article-title":"Characterization of crystallization pathways during cholesterol precipitation from human gallbladder biles: identical pathways to corresponding model biles with three predominating sequences","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90209-9","article-title":"Nucleation time: a key factor in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease","volume":"77","author":"Holan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110209","article-title":"Role of gallbladder mucus hypersecretion in the evolution of cholesterol gallstones","volume":"67","author":"Lee","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2000.00639.x","article-title":"Gallbladder motility and cholesterol crystallization in bile from patients with pigment and cholesterol gallstones","volume":"30","author":"Portincasa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400235-JLR200","article-title":"Megalin and cubilin expression in gallbladder epithelium and regulation by bile acids","volume":"45","author":"Erranz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib29","first-page":"G659","article-title":"Direct G protein activation reverses impaired CCK signaling in human gallbladders with cholesterol stones","volume":"269","author":"Yu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.07.005","article-title":"T-cell function is critical for murine cholesterol gallstone formation","volume":"133","author":"Maurer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/82153","article-title":"Resistance to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and gallstone formation in ACAT2-deficient mice","volume":"6","author":"Buhman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.011","article-title":"Effect of ezetimibe on the prevention and dissolution of cholesterol gallstones","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117072","article-title":"Effects of dietary cholesterol on cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis in patients with cholesterol gallstones","volume":"93","author":"Kern","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib34","series-title":"Gallstones. In Genetic Basis of Common Diseases. 2nd editon. R. A. King, J. I. Rotter, and A. G. Motulsky","first-page":"298","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib35","first-page":"781","article-title":"Epidemiology of the American Indians' burden and its likely genetic origins","volume":"36","author":"Carey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib36","series-title":"Pathogenesis of gallstone formation: updated inventory of human lithogenic genes. In Future Perspectives in Gastroenterology (Falk Symposium 161). M. C. Carey, P. Dit\u00e9, A. Gabryelewicz, V. Keim, and J. Mo\u00a8ssner","first-page":"99","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.10.024","article-title":"Cholesterol gallstone susceptibility loci: a mouse map, candidate gene evaluation, and guide to human LITH genes","volume":"131","author":"Lyons","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215387","article-title":"Human cholesterol 7\u03b1-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) deficiency has a hypercholesterolemic phenotype","volume":"110","author":"Pullinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00898-9","article-title":"ABCB4 gene mutation-associated cholelithiasis in adults","volume":"125","author":"Rosmorduc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.23936","article-title":"Etiologic significance of defects in cholesterol, phospholipid, and bile acid metabolism in the liver of patients with intrahepatic calculi","volume":"33","author":"Shoda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2101","article-title":"A genome-wide association scan identifies the hepatic cholesterol transporter ABCG8 as a susceptibility factor for human gallstone disease","volume":"39","author":"Buch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21847","article-title":"Increased gallstone risk in humans conferred by common variant of hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter for cholesterol","volume":"46","author":"Gru\u00a8nhage","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01053-9","article-title":"FXR and ABCG5\/ABCG8 as determinants of cholesterol gallstone formation from quantitative trait locus mapping in mice","volume":"125","author":"Wittenburg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1785","article-title":"Hepatic insulin resistance directly promotes formation of cholesterol gallstones","volume":"14","author":"Biddinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Lipid Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022227520306477?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022227520306477?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1194\/jlr.R800075-JLR200","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T15:14:35Z","timestamp":1637421275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022227520306477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0022227520306477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.r800075-jlr200","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2275","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}