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This chapter will summarize evidence that E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and P facilitation of the receptive component of female reproductive behavior, lordosis, involves changes in both the expression of and intracellular signal transduction pathways engaged by \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic receptors in the hypothalamus and preoptic area. The \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptors are thought to mediate the facilitatory effects of the catecholamine neurotransmitter norepinephrine on both lordosis behavior and LH release. E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> first induces the expression of the \u03b1<jats:sub>1B<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic receptor subtype in the hypothalamus and preoptic area. P then acts in an E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010dependent manner to promote linkage of hypothalamic \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptors to an intracellular signaling pathway involving nitric oxide and cyclic GMP. This chapter will also describe recent findings that implicate brain insulin\u2010like growth factor\u2010I (IGF\u2010I) receptors as obligatory co\u2010mediators of hormonal regulation of hypothalamic \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptors and female neuroendocrine function. Additional studies suggest that E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and IGF\u2010I facilitate lordosis behavior by activating kinases traditionally associated with growth factor signal transduction (mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases and phosphatidlyinositol\u20103\u2010kinases). These molecular events are proposed to help coordinate the timing of ovulation with the expression of sexual receptivity, thereby maximizing reproductive success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1286.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T18:44:28Z","timestamp":1078166668000},"page":"153-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Ovarian Steroid and Growth Factor Regulation of Female Reproductive Function Involves Modification of Hypothalamic \u03b1<sub>1<\/sub>\u2010Adrenoceptor Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1007","author":[{"given":"ANNE M.","family":"ETGEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barfield R.J. et al. 1982. 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