{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:20:41Z","timestamp":1767990041529,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,24]],"date-time":"2006-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":815,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>: <\/jats:bold> The VNTR region located at the 5\u2032\u2010end of the insulin gene on chromosome 11p15.5 is linked to susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and class I alleles have been associated with increased risk of disease, whereas class III alleles are considered to be protective. Although a potential effect on the expression level of thymic insulin and a consequent abnormal tolerance have been proposed as an explanation, it is still not clear whether the association is specific for T1DM or whether it is shared by other autoimmune disorders. To investigate the contribution of <jats:italic>INS<\/jats:italic>\u2010VNTR to the genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disorders, we analyzed 102 autoantibody\u2010positive T1DM patients, 59 patients with celiac disease (CD), and 57 patients with Addison's disease (ADD), as well as 111 unrelated healthy individuals from the general population. When analyzing the results, class I allele frequencies were 85.8% in the T1DM group, 77% among CD patients, 71% in the ADD group, and 76.1% in the general population. Association with increased risk was seen only in the T1DM group (<jats:italic>pc<\/jats:italic>= 0.015). Risk to T1DM was associated with the class I\/class I homozygous genotype (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.03\u20103.6). In conclusion, <jats:italic>INS<\/jats:italic>\u2010VNTR does not seem to be involved in the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases other than T1DM and can be considered a diabetes\u2010specific locus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1288.050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,12]],"date-time":"2004-01-12T17:32:48Z","timestamp":1073928768000},"page":"319-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["5\u2032\u2010Insulin Gene VNTR Polymorphism Is Specific for Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1005","author":[{"given":"GUIOMAR","family":"P\u00c9REZ DE NANCLARES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. RAM\u00d3N","family":"BILBAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BEGO\u00d1A","family":"CALVO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JUAN CARLOS","family":"VITORIA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FEDERICO","family":"V\u00c1ZQUEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LUIS","family":"CASTA\u00d1O","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/371130a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.8.1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0395-284"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.5.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-293"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-289"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.2144\/00295bm03","article-title":"Nonisotopic, PCR\u2010based method for 5\u2032 insulin gene VNTR allele class assignment","volume":"29","author":"Calvo B.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111573"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1197-350"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1196%2Fannals.1288.050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1196\/annals.1288.050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T00:50:53Z","timestamp":1695689453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1196\/annals.1288.050"}},"subtitle":["No Association with Celiac or Addison's Disease"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1196\/annals.1288.050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1288.050","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}}}