{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T04:31:23Z","timestamp":1695616283094},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,12]],"date-time":"2006-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":468,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>: <\/jats:bold> The objective of this study was to characterize the immune response of <jats:italic>Babesia bigemina<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected cows during the second trimester of pregnancy. Twelve animals were divided into four groups (I, II, III, IV); groups I and II were pregnant cows, groups III and IV were non\u2010pregnant cows. Groups I and III were infected with a virulent strain of <jats:italic>Babesia bigemina<\/jats:italic>, the doses utilized was 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> infected red blood cells IM. Groups II and IV were noninfected control groups. All the infected animals were severely affected; at days 5\u20107 post\u2010inoculation (DPI) they showed clinical signs: fever (40\u201041.5\u00b0C), packed cell volume reduction, and parasitemia, and specific treatment was required. The immune response was monitored daily from 0\u201011 DPI. As shown by flow cytometry analysis, in infected animals the distribution in peripheral blood of the T\u2010cells subpopulations (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cells) was not affected when compared to the control groups. By ELISA, IFN\u2010\u03b3 production showed a trend to increase in plasma between 6\u201010 DPI; noninfected cows showed the lowest optical density values. By RT\u2010PCR, a Th1 predominant response was observed, TNF\u03b1, INF\u2010\u03b3 and iNOs were detected. In contrast IL\u20104 and IL\u201010 were weak or undetected. The results of this trial will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1307.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,16]],"date-time":"2004-12-16T23:57:42Z","timestamp":1103241462000},"page":"144-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune Response to <i>Babesia bigemina<\/i> Infection in Pregnant Cows"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1026","author":[{"given":"T D","family":"GARC\u00cdA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M J V","family":"FIGUEROA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A J A","family":"RAMOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M C","family":"ROJAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A G J","family":"CANT\u00d3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N A","family":"FALC\u00d3N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M J A","family":"\u00c1LVAREZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ristic M. 1981. Babesiosis.InDiseases of Cattle in the Tropics. M. Ristic & I. McIntyre Eds. Vol. 6: 443\u2010468. Martinus Nijhoff. The Hague.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-9034-3_35"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueroa J.V.et al.1993. Use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction\u2010based assay to conduct epidemiological studies on bovine hemoparasites in Mexico. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. 46 (1\u20102) 71\u201375.","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.9401"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shoda L.K.M.et al.2000.Babesia bovis\u2010stimulated macrophages express interleukin\u20101b interleukin\u201012 tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide and inhibit parasite replication in vitro. Infect. Immun.68(9): 5139\u20135145","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5139-5145.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.65.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mwangi D.M.et al.1998. 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