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Blood\u2010group typing of red blood cells (RBCs) is performed on more than 15 million samples per year in Europe, today much less often for forensic reasons than for clinical purposes such as transfusion and organ transplantation. Specific monoclonal antibodies are used with interpretation on the basis of RBC agglutination patterns, and mass genotyping may well be on its way to becoming a routine procedure. The discovery that most blood group systems, whose antigens are by definition found on RBCs, are also expressed in multiple other tissues has sparked the interest of transplantation medicine in immunohematology beyond the HLA system. The one and only \u201chisto\u2010blood group\u201d (HBG) system that is routinely considered in transplantation medicine is ABO, because ABO antigen\u2010incompatible donor\/recipient constellations are preferably avoided. However, other HBG systems may also play a role, thus far underestimated. This paper is an up\u2010to\u2010date analysis of the importance of HBG systems in the alloimmunity of transplantation and autoimmune events, such as hemolytic anemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1313.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,12]],"date-time":"2005-07-12T19:14:25Z","timestamp":1121195665000},"page":"40-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Histo\u2010Blood Group Antigens as Allo\u2010 and Autoantigens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1050","author":[{"given":"URS E.","family":"NYDEGGER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HENDRIK","family":"TEVAEARAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PASCAL","family":"BERDAT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROBERT","family":"RIEBEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"THIERRY","family":"CARREL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PAUL","family":"MOHACSI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WILLY A.","family":"FLEGEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"Renal homografts in patients with major donor\u2010recipient blood group incompatibilities","volume":"55","author":"Starzl T.E.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","first-page":"342","article-title":"Liver transplantation across ABO blood groups","volume":"100","author":"Gordon R.D.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2004.00564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1246-7820(01)00142-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.405-415.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2003.00390.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.05208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0891693031000073109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403243301203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009073431006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-161.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milner C.M. 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