{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:47:51Z","timestamp":1775742471993,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]],"date-time":"2006-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":231,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>: <\/jats:bold> Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) belongs to a group of conditions named together as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). They are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that include \u201cscrapie\u201d in sheep, Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease (CJD) and kuru in humans, and chronic wasting disease in deers. BSE\u2010affected animals suffer from \u201chindquarters\u201d paralysis, which is also one of the main features of \u201cexperimental allergic encephalomyelitis\u201d (EAE). EAE is considered an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and lower limb ataxia is often observed in MS patients. The presence of clinical and histopathological similarities in these diseases suggests a common pathology. Specific brain peptides, which produce EAE, were shown to have \u201cmolecular mimicry\u201d with the soil and skin saprophytic microbe, <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>. BSE\u2010affected animals and patients suffering from MS have been found to have elevated levels of antibodies to both <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> bacteria, as well as autoantibodies to both white and gray matter brain components. The hypothesis is proposed that <jats:italic>Acinetobacter\/Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> bacteria may have evoked both BSE and MS through the mechanism of \u201cmolecular mimicry\u201d and autoimmunity in a similar way to <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> microbes producing rheumatic fever and Sydenham's chorea. The possibility that CJD patients may show similar features remains to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1313.093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,12]],"date-time":"2005-07-12T19:14:25Z","timestamp":1121195665000},"page":"417-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob Disease Are Probably Autoimmune Diseases Evoked by <i>Acinetobacter<\/i> Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1050","author":[{"given":"ALAN","family":"EBRINGER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TAHA","family":"RASHID","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CLYDE","family":"WILSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.121.18.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6801762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91412-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00266934"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13590849409034540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3433888"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.123.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(62)80026-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.38.1.316-324.1982","article-title":"Heterogeneic autoantibody against neurofilament protein in the sera of animals with experimental kuru, Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease, and natural scrapie infection","volume":"38","author":"Gibbs T.C.J.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect. 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