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LeTx is known to cleave and inactivate MAPKKs. We have recently shown that LeTx represses the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. This repression is partial and specific, repressing the glucocorticoid, progesterone, and estrogen receptor \u03b1, but not the mineralocorticoid or estrogen receptor \u03b2. This toxin does not affect GR ligand or DNA binding, and we have suggested that it may function by removing\/inactivating one or more of the many cofactors involved in nuclear hormone receptor signaling. Although the precise involvement of this nuclear hormone receptor repression in LeTx toxicity is unknown, examples of blunted HPA axis and glucocorticoid signaling in numerous autoimmune\/inflammatory diseases suggest that such repression of critically important receptors could have deleterious effects on health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1321.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,20]],"date-time":"2004-07-20T22:57:47Z","timestamp":1090364267000},"page":"9-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Novel Repression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor by Anthrax Lethal Toxin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1024","author":[{"given":"JEANETTE I.","family":"WEBSTER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MAHTAB","family":"MOAYERI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ESTHER M.","family":"STERNBERG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00161-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20014091096738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leppla S.H. 2000. 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