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Indeed, it was shown that different drugs used for treatment of IBD have the capacity to induce apoptosis in T cells or monocytes <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. However, it remains unclear whether these observations are related to clinical efficacy of these agents. TNF\u2010\u03b1 is one of the most relevant proinflammatory mediators in IBD and anti\u2010TNF treatment has been shown to be of particular benefit for patients with IBD. It could subsequently be shown that various anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1 agents, such as infliximab and adalimumab, can induce apoptosis in activated monocytes and lymphocytes <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. This mechanism requires reverse signaling via transmembranous TNF, thereby eliciting a signal transduction cascade that results in programmed cell death. Although other mechanisms might also contribute to the clinical effect of anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1, current data suggest that apoptosis is a relevant mechanism that is associated with clinical efficacy of anti\u2010TNF agents. Induction of apoptosis in activated monocytes or T cells may be regarded as therapeutic tool not only for anti\u2010TNF agents, but also for other drugs used in IBD. Future strategies should focus on identification of mechanisms that prevent apoptosis in the mucosa of patients with IBD and in targeting apoptotic pathways as a therapeutic strategy in IBD.<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1326.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,21]],"date-time":"2006-10-21T00:36:02Z","timestamp":1161390962000},"page":"62-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Apoptosis as a Therapeutic Tool in IBD?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1072","author":[{"given":"ANDREAS","family":"L\u00dcGERING","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PIA","family":"LEBIEDZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"STEFAN","family":"KOCH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TORSTEN","family":"KUCHARZIK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0602-567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064816"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70030-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001574-200407000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70177-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.2.1081","article-title":"Resistance of Crohn's disease T cells to multiple apoptotic signals is associated with a Bcl\u20102\/Bax mucosal imbalance","volume":"163","author":"Ina K.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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