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The reversal of thiamine deficiency by high\u2010dose thiamine and S\u2010benzoylthiamine monophosphate (benfotiamine) prevented the development of incipient nephropathy. Recently, we reported that high\u2010dose thiamine (but not benfotiamine) countered diabetic dyslipidemia. To understand further the differences between the effects of thiamine and benfotiamine therapy, we quantified the levels of the AGEs in plasma protein. We found hydroimidazolone AGE residues derived from glyoxal and methylglyoxal, G\u2010H1 and MG\u2010H1, were increased 115% and 68% in STZ diabetic rats, with respect to normal controls, and were normalized by both thiamine and benfotiamine; whereas N\u2010carboxymethyl\u2010lysine (CML) and N\u2010carboxyethyl\u2010lysine (CEL) residues were increased 74% and 118% in STZ diabetic rats and were normalized by thiamine only. The lack of effect of benfotiamine on plasma CML and CEL residue concentrations suggests there may be important precursors of plasma protein CML and CEL residues other than glyoxal and methylglyoxal. These are probably lipid\u2010derived aldehydes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1333.090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,21]],"date-time":"2005-07-21T16:59:10Z","timestamp":1121965150000},"page":"777-783","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["High\u2010Dose Thiamine Therapy Counters Dyslipidemia and Advanced Glycation of Plasma Protein in Streptozotocin\u2010Induced Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1043","author":[{"given":"NIKOLAOS","family":"KARACHALIAS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROYA","family":"BABAEI\u2010JADIDI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHRISTIAN","family":"KUPICH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NAILA","family":"AHMED","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PAUL J.","family":"THORNALLEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"S71","article-title":"Dyslipidemia management in adults with diabetes","volume":"27","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.4.1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00217-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","unstructured":"Henry R.M.A. O. 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