{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:51:18Z","timestamp":1788817878926,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,6]],"date-time":"2006-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":66,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>: <\/jats:bold> Accumulating evidence supports the existence of a condition involving hemolysis\u2010associated pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Hemolysis\u2010induced release of cell\u2010free hemoglobin and red blood cell arginase, resulting in impaired nitric oxide bioavailability, endothelial dysfunction, and PHT, has been reported in sickle cell disease. Since thalassemia is also a condition of chronic hemolysis, these patients are at risk. The data demonstrate that hemolysis\u2010induced dysregulation of arginine metabolism and PHT also occurs in thalassemia. Erythrocyte release of arginase during hemolysis contributes to the development of PHT. Therapies that maximize arginine and nitric oxide bioavailability may benefit patients with thalassemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1345.058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,8]],"date-time":"2005-12-08T23:18:51Z","timestamp":1134083931000},"page":"481-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Hemolysis\u2010Associated Pulmonary Hypertension in Thalassemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1054","author":[{"given":"CLAUDIA R.","family":"MORRIS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FRANS A.","family":"KUYPERS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GREGORY J.","family":"KATO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LISA","family":"LAVRISHA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SANDRA","family":"LARKIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TITI","family":"SINGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ELLIOTT P.","family":"VICHINSKY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.13.1653"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2304002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0948"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp038250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1202-799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.110801.140547"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00099-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)01015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-7192(02)00034-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(70)90063-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Enzymatic activities of the blood serum in thalassemia and in thalassodrepanocytosis","volume":"78","author":"Belfiore F.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Riforma Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"78","article-title":"The arginase activity of erythrocytes and leukocytes with particular reference to pernicious anemia and thalassemia major","volume":"50","author":"Reynolds J.","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. 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