{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:20:52Z","timestamp":1789392052455,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,29]],"date-time":"2006-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":118,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>: <\/jats:bold> Three rickettsial genomes have been sequenced and annotated. <jats:italic>Rickettsia prowazekii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic> have similar gene order and content. The few differences between <jats:italic>R. prowazekii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic> include a 12\u2010kb insertion in <jats:italic>R. prowazekii<\/jats:italic>, a large inversion close to the origin of replication in <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic>, and loss of the complete cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase system by <jats:italic>R. typhi. R. prowazekii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>R. conorii<\/jats:italic> have 13, 24, and 560 unique genes, respectively, and share 775 genes, most likely their essential genes. The small genomes contain many pseudogenes and much noncoding DNA, reflecting the process of genome decay. <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic> contains the largest number of pseudogenes (41), and <jats:italic>R. conorii<\/jats:italic> the fewest, in accordance with its larger number of genes and smaller proportion of noncoding DNA. Conversely, typhus rickettsiae contain fewer repetitive sequences. These genomes portray the key themes of rickettsial intracellular survival: lack of enzymes for sugar metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, nucleotide synthesis, and amino acid metabolism, suggesting that rickettsiae depend on the host for nutrition and building blocks; enzymes for the complete TCA cycle and several copies of ATP\/ADP translocase genes, suggesting independent synthesis of ATP and acquisition of host ATP; and type IV secretion system. All rickettsiae share two outer membrane proteins (OmpB and Sca 4) and LPS biosynthesis machinery. RickA, unique to spotted fever rickettsiae, plays a role in induction of actin polymerization in <jats:italic>R. conorii<\/jats:italic>, but not in <jats:italic>R. prowazekii<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic>. The genome of <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic> contains four potentially membranolytic genes (<jats:italic>tlyA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>tlyC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pldA<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>pat\u20101<\/jats:italic>) and five autotransporter genes, <jats:italic>sca 1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sca 2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sca 3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ompB<\/jats:italic>. The presence of six 50\u2010amino acid repeat units in Sca 2 suggests function as an adhesin. The high laboratory passage of the sequenced strains raises the issue of the occurrence of laboratory mutations in genes not required for growth in cell culture or eggs. Resequencing revealed that eight annotated pseudogenes of E strain are actually intact genes. Comparative genomics of virulent and avirulent strains of rickettsial species may reveal their virulence factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1355.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,15]],"date-time":"2006-02-15T19:58:18Z","timestamp":1140033498000},"page":"13-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Progress in Rickettsial Genome Analysis from Pioneering of <i>Rickettsia prowazekii<\/i> to the Recent <i>Rickettsia typhi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1063","author":[{"given":"DAVID H.","family":"WALKER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XUE\u2010JIE","family":"YU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/24094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.17.5842-5855.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406633102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.11.1697","article-title":"A comparative study of the actin\u2010based motilities of the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri and Rickettsia conorii","volume":"112","author":"Gouin E.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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