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Injection of LPS induces interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20101\u03b1, and iNOS synthesis in the anterior pituitary and pineal glands, meninges, and choroid plexus, regions outside the blood\u2010brain barrier. Thereafter, this induction occurs in the hypothalamic regions (such as the temperature\u2010regulating centers), paraventricular nucleus (releasing and inhibiting hormone neurons), and the arcuate nucleus (a region containing these neurons and axons bound for the median eminence). Aging of the anterior pituitary and pineal with resultant decreased secretion of pituitary hormones and the pineal hormone melatonin, respectively, may be caused by NO. The induction of iNOS in the temperature\u2010regulating centers by infections may cause the decreased febrile response in the aged by loss of thermosensitive neurons. NO may play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and parkinsonism. LPS similarly activates cytokine and iNOS production in the cardiovascular system leading to coronary heart disease. Fat is a major source of NO stimulated by leptin. As fat stores increase, leptin and NO release increases in parallel in a circadian rhythm with maxima at night. NO could be responsible for increased coronary heart disease as obesity supervenes. 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