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The contribution of cytokines in this phenotype is important and is exerted through activation of SOCS proteins and inhibition of insulin signaling, as well as through direct stimulation of the <jats:italic>ob<\/jats:italic> gene. Obesity, a condition that has reached epidemic rates, is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and increased food intake, and body weight. In the following article we summarize the current views of the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in obesity and the other inflammatory states. We also discuss the regulation of appetite in inflammatory states, and we provide evidence on the cytokine\u2010independent induction of anorexia following immune activation in mice. Understanding of the exact mechanisms regulating these processes may provide important insights for the control of this group of diseases that compromise to a great extent the quality of life and are associated with high mortality.<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1367.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,5]],"date-time":"2006-12-05T20:19:03Z","timestamp":1165349943000},"page":"319-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Regulation of Appetite and Insulin Signaling in Inflammatory States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1083","author":[{"given":"THALIA","family":"TELI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DESPINA","family":"XANTHAKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KATIA P.","family":"KARALIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00044067-200601000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2167-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00075198-200310000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118653"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"204","article-title":"IL\u20101 beta mediates leptin induction during inflammation","volume":"274","author":"Faggioni R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. 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