{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:24:29Z","timestamp":1791293069102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]],"date-time":"2006-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> are recognized as causative agents of blood culture\u2013negative endocarditis (BCNE) in humans and there are no studies of their occurrences in Brazil. The purpose of this study is to investigate <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> as a causative agent of culture\u2010negative endocarditis patients at a cardiology hospital in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. From January 2004 to December 2004 patients with a diagnosis of endocarditis at our Institute were identified and recorded prospectively. They were considered to have possible or definite endocarditis according to the modified Duke criteria. Those with blood culture\u2013negative were tested serologically using the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) for <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae, B. quintana,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. burnetii.<\/jats:italic> IFA\u2010IgG titers &gt;800 for <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> were considered positive. A total of 61 patients with endocarditis diagnosis were evaluated, 17 (27%) were culture\u2010negative. Two have had IgG titer greater than 800 (\u22653,200) against <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. and one against <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> (phase I and II\u22656,400). Those with <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced endocarditis had a fatal disease. Necropsy showed calcifications and extensive destruction of the valve tissue, which is diffusely infiltrated with mononuclear inflammatory cells predominantly by foamy macrophages. The patient with <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> endocarditis received specific antibiotic therapy. Reports of infective endocartitis due to <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> in Brazil reveal the importance of investigating the infectious agents in culture\u2010negative endocarditis.<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,18]],"date-time":"2006-11-18T02:13:56Z","timestamp":1163816036000},"page":"215-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Infective Endocarditis due to <i>Bartonella<\/i> spp. and <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1078","author":[{"given":"RINALDO FOCACCIA","family":"SICILIANO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00c2NIA MARA","family":"STRABELLI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROG\u00c9RIO","family":"ZEIGLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CRISTHIENI","family":"RODRIGUES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JUSSARA BIANCHI","family":"CASTELLI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MAX","family":"GRINBERG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SILVIA","family":"COLOMBO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LUIZ JACINTHO","family":"Da SILVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ELVIRA MARIA MENDES","family":"Do NASCIMENTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FABIANA CRISTINA PEREIRA","family":"Dos SANTOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DAVID EVERSON","family":"UIP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.1.177-207.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"256","article-title":"Differences between endocarditis with true negative blood cultures and those with previous antibiotic treatment","volume":"12","author":"Zamorano J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Heart Valve Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(01)00010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000165658.82869.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.3.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313753"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"795","article-title":"Value of microimmunofluorescence for diagnosis and follow\u2010up of Bartonella endocarditis","volume":"9","author":"Fournier P.E.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Diag. Lab. 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