{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T18:22:50Z","timestamp":1788718970980,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,26]],"date-time":"2007-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>It has been postulated that oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), and transforming growth factor \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (TGF\u2010 \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) have major roles in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to determine the salivary levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), specific antioxidants (i.e., uric acid, albumin, transferrin, and thiol molecules), lipid peroxidation (LPO), NO, and TGF\u2010 \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> in CD patients and control subjects and to also investigate their correlation with activity of the disease. Twenty\u2010eight patients with confirmed diagnosis of CD were enrolled and whole saliva samples were obtained. Smokers, diabetics, those who suffered from periodontitis, and those who were consuming antioxidant supplements were excluded from the study. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was used to determine the severity of the disease. Twenty healthy subjects were also recruited. In CD patients significant reductions in salivary levels of TAC (0.248 \u00b1 0.145 vs. 0.342 \u00b1 0.110 mmol\/L), albumin (1.79 \u00b1 0.42 vs. 2.3 \u00b1 0.2 \u03bcg\/mL), and uric acid (3.1 \u00b1 1.4 vs. 4.1 \u00b1 2.0 mg\/dL) were found. TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> was significantly increased in CD patients compared to healthy subjects (3.02 \u00b1 1.54 vs. 2.36 \u00b1 0.52 ng\/mL). A fourfold increase in NO levels (198.8 \u00b1 39.9 vs. 50.2 \u00b1 21.3 \u03bcmol\/L) along with a fivefold increase in LPO concentration (0.146 \u00b1 0.064 vs. 0.027 \u00b1 0.019 \u03bcmol\/L) was documented in CD patients in comparison to the control group. CDAI significantly correlated with the TAC, LPO, and the interaction between TAC and LPO (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 0.625, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 0.8, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2010test's <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.00005). Saliva of CD patients exhibits an abnormal feature with respect to oxidative stress, NO, and TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. TAC and LPO modify the effect of each other in determination of CD severity, which underlines the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CD.<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1378.060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]],"date-time":"2007-03-06T18:27:35Z","timestamp":1173205655000},"page":"110-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Alterations in Salivary Antioxidants, Nitric Oxide, and Transforming Growth Factor\u2010\u03b2<sub>1<\/sub> in Relation to Disease Activity in Crohn's Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1091","author":[{"given":"ALI","family":"REZAIE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FAKHTEH","family":"GHORBANI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AZADEH","family":"ESHGHTORK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MOHAMMAD J.","family":"ZAMANI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GHOLAMREZA","family":"DEHGHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BARDIA","family":"TAGHAVI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHEKOUFEH","family":"NIKFAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AZADEH","family":"MOHAMMADIRAD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NASSER E.","family":"DARYANI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MOHAMMAD","family":"ABDOLLAHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2005.17.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200305000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.2.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201317097146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(98)80030-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.4.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018899222258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850171936"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200005000-00002","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation with N\u20103 fatty acids and antioxidants in patients with Crohn's disease in remission: effects on antioxidant status and fatty acid profile","volume":"6","author":"Geerling B.J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769509147535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"A897","article-title":"Plasma carotenoids and other antioxidant levels in Crohn's disease","volume":"110","author":"D'Odorico A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.5.919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CANC.0000031769.14728.bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018849405922"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E02-05-0275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00207-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00098.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00177.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-004-9564-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2000.027007453.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4807861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80163-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00189-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2004.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200003150-00059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(78)90081-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/28.2.284","article-title":"A candidate reference method for uric acid in serum. I. Optimization and evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Duncan P.H.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/24.10.1788","article-title":"Chemical and immunochemical measurement of total iron\u2010binding capacity compared","volume":"24","author":"Buffone G.J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(71)90365-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","first-page":"385","article-title":"Plasma SH and GSH measurement","volume":"233","author":"Hu M.L.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(96)70055-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199812)186:4<416::AID-PATH201>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769409056549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with periodontitis","volume":"10","author":"Panjamurthy K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)34128-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769409056594"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2430803"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92211-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gei043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1071576031000083189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Transforming growth factor\u2010beta gene therapy ameliorates experimental colitis in rats","volume":"7","author":"Giladi E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.5.687"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655299750026056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200102000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.3780050108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40819.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-5-408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012040-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_2","first-page":"409","article-title":"Direct determination of colonic nitric oxide level: a sensitive marker of disease activity in ulcerative colitis","volume":"93","author":"Rachmilewitz D.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2002.1312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750422684"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007260050020"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1196%2Fannals.1378.060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1196\/annals.1378.060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T18:04:06Z","timestamp":1696788246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1196\/annals.1378.060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1196\/annals.1378.060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1378.060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}