{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:09:52Z","timestamp":1779912592342,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,11]],"date-time":"2006-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>It is well established that cancer arises in chronically inflamed tissue, and this is particularly notable in the gastrointestinal tract. Classic examples include <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013associated gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and inflammatory bowel disease\u2013associated colorectal cancer. Growing evidence suggests that these associations might be not casual findings. Focusing on individual cytokines has generated evidence that anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)\u201010 and transforming growth factor\u2010beta1 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) may have a complex role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. As an example, IL\u201010\u2010deficient mice develop severe atrophic gastritis and a chronic enterocolitis, developing colorectal cancer similar to human inflammatory bowel disease\u2013associated neoplasia. TGF\u2010\u03b21 is a multifunctional signaling molecule with a wide array of roles. Animal experiments suggest that TGF\u2010\u03b21 plays a biphasic role in carcinogenesis by protecting against the early formation of benign epithelial growths, but promoting a significant stimulation of tumor growth invasion and metastasis during tumor progression. We assessed association of functional polymorphisms (\u20131082G\/A; \u2013592C\/A) and TGF\u2010\u03b21 (\u2013509C\/T; +869C\/T) influencing the IL\u201010 production to colorectal cancer risk in a case\u2013control study of 62 patients and 124 matched controls. No significant differences were observed among cancer patients and controls for IL\u201010 \u20131082G\/A; \u2013592C\/A genotype frequencies. Evaluation of odds ratios (OR) for the TGF\u2010\u03b21 +869C\/T genotypes showed a significant increased risk for individuals bearing +869CC genotype compared to +869CT\u2010 and +869TT\u2010positive individuals. These results suggest that the +869C allele, responsible for a Leu\u2192Pro substitution in the signal peptide sequence of the TGF\u2010\u03b21 protein, may have a predisposing role in the development of colorectal cancer.<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1386.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T18:28:39Z","timestamp":1170440919000},"page":"98-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Regulatory Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Colorectal Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1089","author":[{"given":"ANTONINO","family":"CRIVELLO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANTONIO","family":"GIACALONE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARINA","family":"VAGLICA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LETIZIA","family":"SCOLA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GIUSI IRMA","family":"FORTE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARIA CATENA","family":"MACALUSO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CRISTINA","family":"RAIMONDI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LAURA DI","family":"NOTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ALBERTO","family":"BONGIOVANNI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANGELA","family":"ACCARDO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GIUSEPPINA","family":"CANDORE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LAURA","family":"PALMERI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROBERTO","family":"VERNA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CALOGERO","family":"CARUSO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DOMENICO","family":"LIO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SERGIO","family":"PALMERI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7456"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.3.1490","article-title":"Cellular immune responses are essential for the development of Helicobacter felis\u2010associated gastric pathology","volume":"163","author":"Roth K.A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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