{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:17:55Z","timestamp":1773418675855,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,10]],"date-time":"2007-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1197244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Previous studies from our laboratory show that apart from blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) disruption, the blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) for proteins is also broken down following whole\u2010body hyperthermia (WBH) in a rat model. Breakdown of the BCSFB alters brain homeostasis and adversely affects the structure and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Since neurotrophins and growth factors (<jats:italic>e.g<\/jats:italic>., brain\u2010derived growth factor [BDNF], glial cell line\u2013derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF], and insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 [IGF\u20101]) are known neuroprotective agents in traumatic and ischemic brain injuries, a possibility exists that these neurotrophins will also attenuate neuronal and choroidal injury in WBH. Subjection of adult rats to 4\u2003h of WBH at 38\u00b0C in a biological oxygen demand (BOD) incubator exhibited a profound increase in BCSFB permeability to Evans blue and radioiodine. Degeneration of choroidal epithelial cells and underlying ependyma, dilatation of the lateral ventricular space, and degenerative changes in the adjacent neuropil were frequent. The hippocampus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, and hypothalamus showed profound BBB disruption and brain edema formation. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of BDNF, GDNF, and IGF\u20101 into the right lateral cerebral ventricle (1, 2, or 5\u2003\u03bcg in 30\u2003\u03bcL, 24\u2003h before WBH) significantly reduced the BCSFB and BBB breakdown, brain edema formation, and cellular\/tissue injuries. These beneficial effects were most pronounced in GDNF\u2010 or IGF\u20101\u2013pretreated animals. These novel observations suggest that neurotrophins administered into ventricular CSF can attenuate BCSFB and BBB damage following WBH and thereby confer neuroprotection. Stabilization of BCSFB function is thus one of the crucial factors in achieving neuroprotection in WBH.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1403.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,12]],"date-time":"2007-12-12T15:57:47Z","timestamp":1197475067000},"page":"112-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Intracerebroventricularly Administered Neurotrophins Attenuate Blood\u2013Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Breakdown and Brain Pathology following Whole\u2010Body Hyperthermia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1122","author":[{"given":"HARI SHANKER","family":"SHARMA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CONRAD E.","family":"JOHANSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurobiology of Hyperthermia","volume":"162","author":"Sharma H.S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. 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