{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:17:08Z","timestamp":1780759028450,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]],"date-time":"2007-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>Abstract<\/jats:sc>:\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Coccidioidomycosis has had an impact on the military since the discovery of the causative agent, <jats:italic>Coccidioides immitis,<\/jats:italic> over a century ago. The first reports of <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic> outbreaks affecting U.S. military personnel were reported by Smith and others during World War II. Since that time, numerous outbreaks and sporadic cases have occurred, affecting both the health and readiness of our armed forces. This article summarizes the impact of <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic> sp<\/jats:bold>\n          <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n          <jats:bold>on our military troops with a review of the literature, a description of the experience at a tertiary referral hospital treating the disease, and a synopsis of incidence studies conducted at bases in the southwestern United States. The substantial effect that coccidioidomycosis has had on the military supports the development of both newer and more effective treatments as well as a Valley Fever vaccine for prevention of this disease.<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]],"date-time":"2007-10-17T22:34:18Z","timestamp":1192660458000},"page":"112-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Coccidioidomycosis in the U.S. Military"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1111","author":[{"given":"NANCY F.","family":"CRUM\u2010CIANFLONE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"585","article-title":"Uno nuevo caso de micosis fungoidea con psorospermias","volume":"15","author":"Posada A.","year":"1892","journal-title":"Ann. Circ. Med. Argentino"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Preventive Medicine in World War II, vol IV: Communicable Diseases Transmitted Chiefly through Respiratory and Alimentary Tracts","author":"Smith C.E.","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000236953.95213.ac"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Proceedings of symposium on Coccidioidomycosis","author":"Scogins J.T.","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/160.6.304","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis in California: regional outbreak, global diagnostic challenge","volume":"160","author":"Olson P.E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","first-page":"653","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis: a persistent threat to deployed populations","volume":"64","author":"Rush W.L.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.76.5.566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"790","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis\u2014the airborne assault continues: an unusual presentation with a review of the history, epidemiology, and military relevance","volume":"70","author":"Olivere J.W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aviat. Space. Environ. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1946.02870490011003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.36.12.1394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-23-3-349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","first-page":"959","article-title":"Ethnic background and the clinical course of coccidioidomycosis","volume":"120","author":"Pappagianis D.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1942.02830140016005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","first-page":"299","article-title":"Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: report of epidemic of 75 cases","volume":"4","author":"Goldstein D.M.","year":"1943","journal-title":"War. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.6.1672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000126762.91040.fd"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","unstructured":"McCracken B.E.1953.Final report of coccidioidomycosis research project at Camp Roberts Ca. 1 September 1952\u201315 October 1953 Surgeon's Office 6th Army."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.309","article-title":"Risk factors for primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis hospitalizations among United States Navy and Marine Corps personnel, 1981\u20131994","volume":"58","author":"Gray G.C.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. 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