{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:25:24Z","timestamp":1767626724095},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]],"date-time":"2007-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>Abstract<\/jats:sc>:\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Coccidioidomycosis is a mild to life\u2010threatening disease in otherwise healthy humans and other mammals caused by the fungus <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic> spp. Understanding the development of the unique dimorphic life cycle of <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic> spp. and its role in pathogenesis has been an area of research focus. However, nuclear behavior during the saprobic and parasitic life cycle has not been studied intensively. In this study, green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused to histone H1 and introduced into <jats:italic>Coccidioides posadasii (C. posadasii)<\/jats:italic> strain Silveira to monitor the nuclear behavior of the fungus during the saprobic and parasitic stages of the life cycle. We constructed an <jats:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens<\/jats:italic>\u2013mediated transformation (ATMT) vector that had in its T\u2010DNA region a hygromycin\u2010resistance gene as well as the fused <jats:italic>histone H1\u2010GFP<\/jats:italic> gene under the control of the histone H3 promoter of <jats:italic>C. posadasii<\/jats:italic>. More than 30 hygromycin\u2010resistant transformants were obtained and 23 were purified to homozygosity through multiple passages of the original transformants on hygromycin\u2010containing media. One strain (VFC1420) transformed with a single copy of the fusion <jats:italic>histone H1\u2010GFP<\/jats:italic> gene was selected for cytological studies. Strong nuclear\u2010localized GFP signals were observed in arthroconidia, hyphae, as well as in spherules and endospores developed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Thus GFP can be used to study the expression pattern of potential virulence genes identified in serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) or expressed sequence tags (EST) libraries, and could be a useful tool to monitor disease development in the murine model.<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]],"date-time":"2007-10-17T22:34:18Z","timestamp":1192660458000},"page":"198-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nuclear Labeling of <i>Coccidioides posadasii<\/i> with Green Fluorescent Protein"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1111","author":[{"given":"LEI","family":"LI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MONIKA","family":"SCHMELZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ELLEN M.","family":"KELLNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOHN N.","family":"GALGIANI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARC J.","family":"ORBACH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pappagianis D.1980.Epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis.InCoccidioidomycosis.D.A.Stevens Ed.Plenum Medical Book Company. New York .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-1712-9_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.804-839.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4982-2_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.78.2.231-239.1959","article-title":"Nutrition of the parasitic phase of Coccidioides immitis in a chemically defined liquid medium","volume":"78","author":"Converse J.L.","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. 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