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Premolecular studies provided a general outline of the geographical range, epidemiology and distribution of the fungus. Recent studies based on molecular markers have demonstrated that the genus is comprised of two genetically diverse, and genetically isolated, species:<jats:italic>Coccidioides immitis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C. posadasii<\/jats:italic>. Both species are composed of biogeographically distinct populations. Structure for two of these populations (<jats:italic>C. immitis<\/jats:italic>from central California, and<jats:italic>C. posadasii<\/jats:italic>from southern Arizona) indicates that frequent genetic recombination occurs within the entire geographic range of each population, even though sex has never been observed in the genus. Outbreaks of coccidioidomycosis are not the result of the spread of a single clonal isolate, but are caused by a diversity of genotypes. Although it is now possible to match patient isolates to populations, the lack of apparent structure within each population and the current paucity of environmental isolates limit map\u2010based epidemiological approaches to understanding outbreaks. Therefore, a comprehensive database comprised of soil\u2010derived isolates from across the biogeographic range of<jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>will improve the utility of this approach. Appropriate collection of environmental isolates will assist the investigation of remaining questions regarding the population biology of<jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>. The comparative genomics of representative genotypes from both species and all populations of<jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>will provide a thorough set of genetic markers in order to resolve the population genetics of this pathogenic fungus.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]],"date-time":"2007-10-17T22:34:18Z","timestamp":1192660458000},"page":"147-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The Population Biology of<i>Coccidioides<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1111","author":[{"given":"B. M.","family":"BARKER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"JEWELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"KROKEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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