{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:01:39Z","timestamp":1787767299375,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]],"date-time":"2007-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>Abstract<\/jats:sc>:\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Thymosin \u03b1 1 (T\u03b11), initially isolated from thymus, was characterized by Allan Goldstein in 1977. Since the beginning, our studies were aimed at evaluating its immunomodulating effects when used in combination with cytokines and chemotherapy. Combination therapies have now proved to be effective in inhibiting tumoral growth and in controlling infective diseases especially in the immunocompromised host. More recent studies showed that T\u03b11 molecule increased major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class\u20101 and Toll\u2010like receptor expression as well as cytokine production, suggesting its immunoregulatory role. Overall these results led us to start pilot clinical trials on patients with hepatitis C and cancer.<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1415.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T19:57:59Z","timestamp":1192737479000},"page":"14-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Thymosin \u03b11"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1112","author":[{"given":"ENRICO","family":"GARACI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)90693-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.116.5.773"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.53.4.812"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.56.3.1010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.2.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_2","first-page":"1787","article-title":"Thymosin in cancer patients: in vitro effects and correlations with clinical response to thymosin immunotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Chretien P.B.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_2","first-page":"310","article-title":"Recombinant leukocyte A interferon in B\u2010cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: in vivo effects on autologous antitumor immunity","volume":"4","author":"Schulof R.S.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Biol. Response Mod."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00205574"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(90)90064-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01771450"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910500327"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-199301000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(89)90172-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910570516"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200003)30:3<778::AID-IMMU778>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(96)00002-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.36.2.609-614.1982","article-title":"Increase of mouse resistance to Candida albicans infection by thymosin alpha 1","volume":"36","author":"Bistoni F.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-4036"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-02-004762"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058979"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(95)00477-7"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1196%2Fannals.1415.039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1196\/annals.1415.039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T23:45:57Z","timestamp":1695685557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1196\/annals.1415.039"}},"subtitle":["A Historical Overview"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1196\/annals.1415.039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1415.039","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}