{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:06:27Z","timestamp":1762160787128},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,15]],"date-time":"2008-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:italic>Taenia solium<\/jats:italic> grows in experimentally infected hamsters. An inflammatory reaction in the intestinal mucosa surrounding the scolex of the worms is produced. We searched for mRNA of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization in intestinal biopsies. Hamsters were infected with <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic> cysticerci and necropsied on different days post infection (d.p.i.). Tissue from the small intestine was taken from the area surrounding the tapeworm scolex, fixed, and processed for histology. Antisense probes for the detection of interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3, interleukin (IL)\u20104, IL\u20105, and IL\u201013 were used. Kinetics of each cytokine was defined through detection on specific mRNA by counting the number of positive infected hamsters and of positive cells per 100 enterocytes on different d.p.i. IFN\u2010\u03b3 was detected as of d.p.i. 2; all animals were positive on d.p.i. 4 and 8; and on d.p.i. 16, only 20% were still positive. IL\u201013 had a pattern similar to IFN\u2010\u03b3, but all hamsters remained positive until d.p.i. 16 when the experiment was terminated. IL\u20104 was positive in 40% of infected hamsters on d.p.i. 6. On d.p.i. 8, IL\u20105 was only detected in 20% but increased to 100% by d.p.i. 16. These data suggest that tapeworms induce a mixed Th1\/Th2 response with a polarization toward Th2 at 2 weeks post infection, which may influence the expulsion of worms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1428.079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,11]],"date-time":"2009-08-11T16:35:06Z","timestamp":1250008506000},"page":"170-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cytokine Response in the Intestinal Mucosa of Hamsters Infected with <i>Taenia solium<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1196","volume":"1149","author":[{"given":"Guillermina","family":"Avila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirza","family":"Romero\u2010Valdovinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Garcia\u2010Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Flisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Progress in Clinical Parasitology","author":"Flisser A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00124-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90163-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00666.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0788-z","article-title":"The immune response during experimental cysticercosis is of the mixed Th1\/Th2 type","volume":"89","author":"Toenjes S.A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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