{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:09:54Z","timestamp":1784124594520,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,23]],"date-time":"2008-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Galvanization is the process of coating steel or cast iron pieces with zinc, allowing complete protection against corrosion. The ultimate goal of this work was to assess the effect of occupational exposure to zinc in the galvanization process on different metals in the human body and to detect the association between zinc exposure and its effect on the respiratory system. This study was conducted in 111 subjects in one of the major companies in the iron and steel industry. There were 61 subjects (workers) who were involved in the galvanization process. Fifty adult men were chosen as a matched reference group from other departments of the company. All workers were interviewed using a special questionnaire on occupational history and chest diseases. Ventilatory functions and chest X rays were assessed in all examined workers. Also, complete blood counts were performed, and serum zinc, iron, copper, calcium, and magnesium levels were tested. This study illustrated the relation between zinc exposure in the galvanization process and high zinc levels among exposed workers, which was associated with a high prevalence rate of metal fume fever (MFF) and low blood copper and calcium levels. There was no statistically significant difference between the exposed and control groups with regards to the magnesium level. No long\u2010term effect of metals exposure was detected on ventilatory functions or chest X rays among the exposed workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1454.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,11]],"date-time":"2009-08-11T11:49:44Z","timestamp":1249991384000},"page":"256-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Zinc Toxicity among Galvanization Workers in the Iron and Steel Industry"],"prefix":"10.1196","volume":"1140","author":[{"given":"Amal El","family":"Safty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid El","family":"Mahgoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawsan","family":"Helal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neveen Abdel","family":"Maksoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6425(98)00006-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"447","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar damage after inhalation of zinc oxide fumes","volume":"41","author":"Taniguchi H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(03)00182-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.103355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","unstructured":"ATSDR.2005.Oxicologic profile for zinc. US Department for Health and Human Services. Public Health Agency. Agency to Toxic Substance and Disease Registry .August 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298669191365135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","volume-title":"Toxicological Profile for Zinc (Update)","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298669291360030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/7.3.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-61-724-327"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10071523"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2001.Environmental Health Criteria 221: Zinc.http:\/\/www.inchem.org\/documents\/ehc\/ehc\/ehc221.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.03010111","article-title":"Acute lung reaction due to zinc inhalation","volume":"3","author":"Malo J.L.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:106:3:253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v49i4.1922","article-title":"Non\u2010specific occupational health conditions among brass workers at Gadaladeniya, Sri Lanka","volume":"49","author":"Jayawardana P.L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ceylon Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.5","article-title":"Interactive effects of iron and zinc on biochemical and functional outcomes in supplementation trials","volume":"82","author":"Fischer W.C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.3.787","article-title":"Iron and zinc interactions","volume":"80","author":"Wieringa F.T.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. 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