{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T08:58:22Z","timestamp":1725353902043},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,8]],"date-time":"2008-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1377,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To determine rates of alcohol and tobacco use among independent elder emergency department (ED) patients and assess the extent of health care use of this population. <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A convenience sample of independent elders (age \u226565 years) in an urban academic ED was enrolled. Patients were excluded if they were medically unstable or had a change in mental status. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scales were used to measure tobacco and alcohol use. Subjects completed questionnaires about their health and use of the health care system. Data were analyzed by using t\u2010tests to compare independent variables. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A total of 565 subjects completed the study. Of these, 296 (52.4%) were male and 269 (47.6%) were female; mean age was 77.1 years. Fifty\u2010four (9.5%) were smokers, and 22 (3.9%) were nicotine\u2010dependent by the Fagerstrom test (Fagerstrom+). Alcohol use was reported at least once monthly by 176 (31.2%) and twice monthly by 76 (13.5%) patients; 12 (2.1%) were alcohol\u2010dependent by the AUDIT scale (AUDIT+). Two (0.35%) were both Fagerstrom+ and AUDIT+. Fagerstrom+ subjects visited a physician less often than Fagerstrom\u2212 subjects (3.9 vs. 4.6 annual visits, p &lt; 0.0009). AUDIT+ subjects visited a primary care physician less (3.3 vs. 4.2 annual visits, p &lt; 0.007) or \u201cany\u201d physician less (3.9 vs. 4.6 annual visits, p &lt; 0.01) than AUDIT\u2212 subjects. AUDIT+ and Fagerstrom+ subjects did not differ from AUDIT\u2212 and Fagerstrom\u2212 subjects in number of annual ED visits, self\u2010reported general health, physical symptoms (except nervousness, p &lt; 0.004), comorbid illnesses, hospital admissions, and injuries requiring treatment. <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Elder ED patients have low rates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Nicotine\u2010 or alcohol\u2010dependent elders use outpatient providers less often than nondependent elders but use EDs at the same rate and report similar health patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2003.07.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,2]],"date-time":"2004-04-02T00:13:29Z","timestamp":1080864809000},"page":"378-382","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Alcohol and Tobacco Use in the Elder Emergency Department Patient: Assessment of Rates and Medical Care Utilization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Daren D.","family":"Girard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Partridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: final data for 1997","volume":"47","author":"Hoyert DL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03493.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.18.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440170057036","article-title":"The aging of America. 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