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Although early antibiotic administration has been associated with improved survival for patients with pneumonia in two large retrospective studies, the effect on actual patient care and outcomes for patients with pneumonia and other emergency department patients of providing financial incentives and disincentives to hospitals for performance on this measure currently is unknown. This article provides an in\u2010depth case\u2010based description of the evidence behind antibiotic timing in pneumonia, discusses potential program effects, and analyzes how the practical implementation of pay\u2010for\u2010performance for pneumonia conforms to American Medical Association guidelines on pay\u2010for\u2010performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2006.02.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,10]],"date-time":"2006-06-10T00:49:37Z","timestamp":1149900577000},"page":"787-790","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["<i>Profiles in Patient Safety:<\/i> Antibiotic Timing in Pneumonia and Pay\u2010for\u2010performance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jesse M.","family":"Pines","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. 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