{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:03:08Z","timestamp":1760043788013},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]],"date-time":"2008-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":332,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>To compare the effects of midazolam, which is a fast and short\u2010acting benzodiazepine, and diphenhydramine, which is a widely used anticholinergic agent, in clinical practice for the treatment of metoclopramide\u2010induced akathisia.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>All adults older than 17 years given metoclopramide for nausea and vomiting or for headache and who had akathisia were eligible for this clinical, randomized, double\u2010blind trial. Patients were randomized to receive diphenhydramine or midazolam. Subjective, objective, and total akathisia scores and modified Ramsay Sedation Scale scores were recorded. Repeated\u2010measures analysis of variance was used to compare the efficacy and side effects of the medications.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>Forty\u2010one (73.3%) of the 56 enrolled patients were women. The mean (\u00b1SD) age was 39.9 (\u00b115.7) years in the diphenhydramine group and 40.9 (\u00b116.2) years in the midazolam group. Mean subjective, objective, and total akathisia scores in the first 5 minutes declined considerably in the midazolam group compared with the diphenhydramine group (p &lt; 0.001). However, the mean Ramsay Sedation Scale score in the first 15 minutes increased significantly in the midazolam group compared with the diphenhydramine group (p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>Midazolam can correct the symptoms of metoclopramide\u2010induced akathisia faster than diphenhydramine, but it causes more sedation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2007.01.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,2]],"date-time":"2007-06-02T00:19:00Z","timestamp":1180743540000},"page":"715-721","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Midazolam vs. Diphenhydramine for the Treatment of Metoclopramide\u2010induced Akathisia: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ismet","family":"Parlak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bulent","family":"Erdur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mine","family":"Parlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Ergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuneyt","family":"Ayrik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onder","family":"Tomruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Turkcuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nesrin","family":"Ergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70001-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80201-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-5-673_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390110070015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1996.tb09548.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1014294"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198711000-00050"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.119249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1997.tb11474.x","article-title":"Suicide attempt due to metoclopramide induced akathisia","volume":"51","author":"Chow LY","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.4.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199807000-00045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199007000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2003.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.113032"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/54.21.2461","article-title":"Management of acute extrapyramidal effects induced by antipsychotic drugs","volume":"54","author":"Holloman LC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"130","volume-title":"Akathisia. 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