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Treatment advances in this patient population have lagged behind that of other pediatric malignancies, particularly targeted interventions directed at the biologic underpinnings of disease. Recent advances in biologic and genomic understanding of these two cancers has expanded the potential for therapeutic advancement and prevention. In Ewing sarcoma, directed focus on inhibition of EWSR1-FLI1 and its effectors has produced promising results. In osteosarcoma, instead of a concentrated focus on one particular change, largely due to tumor heterogeneity, a more diversified approach has been adopted including investigations of growth factors inhibitors, signaling pathway inhibitors, and immune modulation. Continuing recently made treatment advances relies on clinical trial design and enrollment. Clinical trials should include incorporation of biological findings; specifically, for Ewing sarcoma, assessment of alternative fusions and, for osteosarcoma, stratification utilizing biomarkers. Expanded cancer genomics knowledge, particularly with solid tumors, as it relates to heritability and incorporation of family history has led to early identification of patients with cancer predisposition. In these patients through application of cost-effective evidence-based screening techniques the ultimate goal of cancer prevention is becoming a realization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/edbk_175378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T17:53:53Z","timestamp":1540835633000},"page":"725-735","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Advances in the Treatment of Pediatric Bone Sarcomas"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Grohar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Van Andel Research Institute\/Helen DeVos Children\u2019s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber\/Boston Children\u2019s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine 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