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This change has created a challenge for patients and clinicians, as a monoclonal gammopathy may be a harbinger not of multiple myeloma but of other lymphoproliferative disorders such as light-chain amyloidosis and Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia. Early recognition of monoclonal gammopathies along with a careful workup are essential in determining the next steps in the care of a given patient. Recognition has become all the more important as we understand how to triage the 4% to 9% of patients with monoclonal gammopathies depending on age, with the goal of limiting overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. In this review, we focus on treatment strategies for patients with monoclonal gammopathies that are not multiple myeloma, including smoldering multiple myeloma, light-chain amyloidosis, and Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/edbk_349643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T19:59:19Z","timestamp":1649447959000},"page":"655-664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["When a Monoclonal Gammopathy Is Not Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Derman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge J.","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bing Center for Waldenstr\u00f6m Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 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