{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:54:58Z","timestamp":1783979698158,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Glob Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Limited information exists about medical oncology fellowship programs in Latin America. Our study aimed to clarify unknowns, with the goal of identifying areas for improvement and potential expansion of fellowships.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sixteen medical oncologists, each from a different Latin American country, were surveyed using an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the collected variables.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In total, 232 fellowship programs exist in the surveyed nations, of which 444 medical oncologists graduate every year. Only Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru have more than five active fellowship programs. Honduras and Nicaragua did not report any fellowship programs. These nations\u2014along with Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Peru\u2014depend on foreign education for the training of their medical oncologists. Only one of every 50 medical graduates pursues a career path in medical oncology, and a mere 2.2% of internal medicine residents transition into the field. Nearly half of the data were collected through word of mouth, as many countries lack official, publicly accessible sources for some of the variables studied.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study serves as a pioneering effort that future research groups can build upon. We believe that addressing the shortage of medical oncologists in Latin America by increasing the number of locally trained fellows is the most effective way to swiftly and sustainably improve cancer outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/go-24-00462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T20:59:11Z","timestamp":1738875551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Addressing the Oncologist Shortage in Latin America: Insights From a Survey of Medical Oncology Fellowship Programs"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6411-9169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Zegarra-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7325-8569","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Aranda-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Hemato-Oncolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1029-8093","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose Felipe","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3587-339X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Villarreal-Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"GBD Compare Data Visualization","author":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)","year":"2024","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME): GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA, IHME, University of Washington, 2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2013.001319"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0250894","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250894","article-title":"Overall survival based on oncologist density in the United States: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Malleshappa SKS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malleshappa SKS, Giri S, Patel S, et al: Overall survival based on oncologist density in the United States: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 16:e0250894, 2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","volume-title":"Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Tomorrow (Version 1.1)","author":"Ferlay J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Laversanne M, Ervik M, et al: Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Tomorrow (Version 1.1). Lyon, France, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"Statista: Number of oncologists per one million people in select countries as of 2018 2023. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/884711\/oncologists-density-by-country-worldwide\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"World Bank World Development Indicators: Population total 2023. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30158-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-21-00274.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.50211"}],"container-title":["JCO Global Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/GO-24-00462","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T20:59:14Z","timestamp":1738875554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/GO-24-00462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/GO-24-00462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/go-24-00462","relation":{},"ISSN":["2687-8941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2687-8941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-05","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2400462"}}