{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:59:34Z","timestamp":1787774374508,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Global Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p> Clinical breast examination (CBE) is one of the most common methods used for early detection of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries. CBE alone is limited by lack of specificity and may result in unnecessary diagnostic procedures. We evaluated the feasibility of integrating CBE, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in triaging palpable breast masses for specialized cancer care. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p> An intensive breast cancer screening event was conducted at a national trade fair by a multidisciplinary team of care providers targeting a healthy population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. All adults age \u2265 18 years were invited to participate. CBE was performed by oncologists and\/or pathologists. FNAB was performed by a pathologist on palpable masses that were then categorized as benign, indeterminate, or suspicious for malignancy or definitively malignant based on ROSE. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p> A total of 208 individuals (207 females, one male; median age, 36 years; range, 18-68 years) were screened. Most (90.8%, 189 of 208) had normal findings, whereas 7.2% (15 of 208), 1% (2 of 208), and 1% (2 of 208) had a palpable mass, breast pain, and nipple discharge, respectively. Two participants had lesions too small for palpation-guided biopsy and clinically consistent with fibroadenomas; the participants were counseled, and observation was recommended. FNAB was performed on 13 breast masses, with 9 of 13 (69%) categorized as benign and 4 of 13 (31%) suspicious for malignancy. Final cytopathologic review of referred patients confirmed one case to be breast adenocarcinoma, one was suggestive of fibroadenoma, and two showed inflammations. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p> Integration of CBE with ROSE and FNAB was feasible in a breast cancer screening program in Tanzania. In settings with constrained resources for cancer care, this may be an effective method for triaging patients with breast masses. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/go.20.00279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T20:59:49Z","timestamp":1611608389000},"page":"146-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Feasibility of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy and Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Immediate Triage in Breast Cancer Screening in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"given":"Godfrey S.","family":"Philipo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edda","family":"Vuhahula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, 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