{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T16:15:14Z","timestamp":1784391314660,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Global Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p> Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an endemic virus in Latin America that is directly linked to adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL). Previous studies have suggested an oncogenic role of HTLV-1 in non-ATL neoplasms and have found higher mortality in HTLV-1 carriers without ATL. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p> In this retrospective cohort study, HTLV-1 carriers were identified through screening at a tertiary cancer center between 2006 and 2019. We compared the overall survival (OS) outcomes of patients with ATL with those with other solid or hematologic malignancies by sex stratification. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p> We identified 1,934 HTLV-1 carriers diagnosed with cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 62 (range 20-114) years, 76% were female, 60% had no or elementary school education, and 50% were born in the Andean highlands. The most common non-ATL neoplasm was cervical cancer (50%) among females and non-ATL non-Hodgkin lymphoma (26%) among males. With a median follow-up of 66 months, the 5-year OS of HTLV-1 carriers with non-ATL neoplasms (26%-47% for females and 22%-34% for males) was inferior to those reported in the general population. As expected, patients with ATL had a worse prognosis (5-year OS: 10% for females and 8% for males). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p> HTLV-1 carriers with cancer were middle age and from underprivileged settings, suggesting an undetected transmission among vulnerable populations, especially females. Survival estimates of HTLV-1 carriers with non-ATL neoplasms were lower than the regional outcomes. Future research should ascertain how the biology of HTLV-1 and health care disparities affect the outcomes of HTLV-1 carriers, as well as determine the burden of HTLV-1 infection in the cancer population to recommend screening in the outpatient setting of endemic regions. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/go.22.00369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T19:59:08Z","timestamp":1678910348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Epidemiological Features and Outcomes of HTLV-1 Carriers Diagnosed With Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in an Endemic Country"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3853-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Valcarcel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, 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