{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:39:54Z","timestamp":1787168394739,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Glob Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"\n PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n Radiation oncology in the Philippines, a large lower- and middle-income country in Southeast Asia, is facing a critical shortage in manpower, with only 113 radiation oncologists (ROs) over 55 radiotherapy (RT) centers serving 100 million population. Paramount to workforce expansion is ensuring that training programs can produce adequately trained specialists. In this study, we describe the current state of radiation oncology training programs in the Philippines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n This is a cross-sectional observational analysis of the nine radiation oncology residency training programs in the Philippines. Data were collected from a survey of the program directors, the Philippine Radiation Oncology Society database, and a PubMed literature search.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Eight of the nine programs are in the National Capital Region. Since program standardization in 2005, there have been 82 four-year residency graduates, with up to 18 new graduates annually. Faculty-to-trainee ratio ranges from 0.5 to 2.67. In terms of technology, all programs have intensity-modulated RT and high-dose-rate brachytherapy, but only six are equipped with computed tomography\u2013based image guidance and stereotactic capabilities. Clinical education schemes vary per institution regarding curriculum implementation, resident activities, and methods of evaluation. Required resident case logs are not met for lung, GI, genitourinary, bone and soft tissue, and hematologic malignancies. In total, there are only 22 resident-led publications from 10 unique individuals in two training programs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n Program expansions are warranted to meet the projected demand for ROs in the Philippines, but training programs must first improve key aspects of staffing, technology, clinical education, and research. Addressing training challenges related to resource limitations necessitates local and international collaborations with higher-capacity centers to bridge gaps for continued quality improvement with the aim of ultimately delivering better overall cancer care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/go.23.00462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T15:59:27Z","timestamp":1715270367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Radiation Oncology Training in the Philippines: Bridging Gaps for Improved Cancer Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7553-9674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luisa E.","family":"Jacomina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3118-1962","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan Anthony F.","family":"Agas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan City, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa Julieta U.","family":"Benedicto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, University of the Philippines\u2014Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaudencio P.","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold C.","family":"Paulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Benedict A.","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.09.005"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.02.024"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00222-3"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2023.101354"},{"key":"b8","author":"Eala MAB","journal-title":"JCO Glob 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