{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:25:16Z","timestamp":1781022316292,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p> In this nationwide registry study, we investigated socioeconomic and structural patterns in referral to phase I cancer trials in a case-control study design. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p> Personal identification numbers on all Danish patients referred to the Danish Phase I Unit at Rigshospitalet from 2005 to 2016, and a control group matched on age, sex, type of cancer, year of diagnosis, and time from diagnosis to referral ensured individual-level linkage between several registries. We examined the association between nonclinical factors\u2014indicators of socioeconomic position and distance to the Phase I Unit\u2014and referral using a conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for several clinical factors. Association between nonclinical factors and enrollment once referred was examined with a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis in an historical cohort study design. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p> Complete data were available for 1,026 (84%) of 1,220 referred patients. Significantly decreased odds for referral were identified for patients with long distance to the Phase I Unit compared with short distance (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.41), for less education (less than 9 years) compared with more (more than 12 years; OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.91), and for belonging to the lowest income quintile compared with the highest (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.97). Medium education (9 to 12 years) compared with more, being outside the workforce compared with being within, and living alone compared with living with a partner were also negatively associated with referral. Among patients referred, 252 enrolled in a trial. Nonclinical factors were not associated with enrollment. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p> On the basis of individual long-term registry data from an unselected cohort, novel anticancer therapies seem to be tested on a socially selected group of patients with cancer. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.18.01983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T19:59:20Z","timestamp":1552420760000},"page":"1111-1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Socioeconomic Differences in Referral to Phase I Cancer Clinical Trials: A Danish Matched Cancer Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Katrine Toubro","family":"Gad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 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