{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:24:59Z","timestamp":1761060299929},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The combined use of zidovudine (ZDV) and interferon (IFN) alfa-2a has been shown to have antiretroviral and antitumor potential benefit in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). However, the clinical use of this combination is frequently complicated by the overlapping myelotoxicity of these agents. We report here the results of a phase I\/II study in which granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used for those KS patients who became neutropenic while receiving ZDV (1,200 mg\/d) and IFN (9 x 10(6) U\/d). Nineteen of 29 patients (66%) developed an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of less than 1,000 cells per cubic millimeter and were begun on GM-CSF. All experienced a prompt increase in the ANC. Those patients receiving GM-CSF\/ZDV\/IFN alfa-2a had an improved end of study ANC when compared with the ZDV\/IFN alfa-2a group, but did not have an increased rate of tumor response, end of study CD4 cell count, or improvement in any other hematologic variable. The use of GM-CSF was not associated with increased toxicity and, in particular, was not associated with a change in serum human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen. Tumor response was noted in 50% of the assessable patients (33% overall) despite \"high-risk\" characteristics in 80%. Of the responding patients, seven were on GM-CSF and might have otherwise required an alteration in ZDV\/IFN alfa-2a dose level. Further study of GM-CSF as an alternate to dose modification of this (ZDV\/IFN alfa-2a) and other combination therapies for AIDS patients is warranted. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1991.9.5.802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T17:36:05Z","timestamp":1487871365000},"page":"802-808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mitigates the neutropenia of combined interferon alfa and zidovudine treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma."],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"D T","family":"Scadden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H A","family":"Bering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J D","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Bresnahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J E","family":"Groopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"233","container-title":["Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/JCO.1991.9.5.802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T23:26:34Z","timestamp":1653521194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/JCO.1991.9.5.802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/JCO.1991.9.5.802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.1991.9.5.802","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-7755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]}}}