{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:52:58Z","timestamp":1761519178906},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p> To compare the outcome of African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) breast cancer patients who had equivalent disease extent and were similarly treated. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p> We compared prognostic characteristics, treatment, and outcome of 1,037 C and 481 AA breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy between 1946 and 1987. The median follow-up duration was 15.6 years. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p> During the study period, there was a successive increase in the percent of patients who presented with early breast cancer. Between 1980 and 1987, 35.1% AA versus 47.6% C patients had &lt; or = 2-cm tumors and 50.0% AA versus 61.9% C patients were node-negative, while between 1946 and 1959, 27.7% AA and 31.3% C had &lt; or = 2-cm tumors and 41.5% AA versus 40.4% C patients were node-negative. The treatments were similar during the study period. The 20-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of AA compared with C patients with node-negative &lt; or = 2-cm, 2.1- to 4-cm, and greater than 4-cm tumors and of patients with one to three and &gt; or = four positive nodes was not significantly different. Equal-size tumors had similar proportion of positive axillary nodes in AA compared with C patients. The DFS for AA patients compared with C patients was similar in the periods 1946 to 1959, 1960 to 1969, and 1970 to 1979, but was lower between 1980 and 1987 (P = .02). In multivariable analysis, race was not a significant variable. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p> In this large group of uniformly treated breast cancer patients, race was not an independent factor that influenced outcome. The racial differences seen between 1980 and 1987 are likely because of a larger percent of greater than 2-cm and node-positive tumors in AA patients. Education and access to early diagnosis should reduce or eliminate the racial differences seen. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1997.15.6.2329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T09:43:55Z","timestamp":1487929435000},"page":"2329-2337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Race and clinical outcome in breast cancer in a series with long-term follow-up evaluation."],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Heimann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R R","family":"Weichselbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Hellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"233","container-title":["Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.6.2329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T22:04:11Z","timestamp":1653516251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.6.2329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.6.2329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.1997.15.6.2329","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-7755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]}}}