{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:08:44Z","timestamp":1763017724990},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p> To assess the results of treatment, patterns of failure, and prognostic factors for relapse in a contemporary cohort of patients with stage II seminoma. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p> From January 1981 and December 1993, 99 patients (median age, 35 years) with stage II seminoma (IIA, 41; IIB, 28; IIC, 24; IID, six) were managed at our institution. Eighty were treated with radiation therapy (RT) and 19 with chemotherapy (ChT). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p> With a median follow-up of 6.7 years, the five-year overall actuarial survival was 94%, the 5-year cause-specific survival was 94%, and the 5-year relapse-free rate was 83%. Sixteen (20%) of the 80 patients treated with RT relapsed (median time to relapse, 9 months). Relapse occurred outside the irradiated area in all but two patients. Distant relapse sites included the supraclavicular fossa, bone (four patients, three with spinal cord compression), and lung\/mediastinum. All 19 patients treated primarily with ChT achieved disease control and none has relapsed. The relapse rate at 5 years for patients with stage IIA to IIB was 11% (seven of 64), and 56% (nine of 16) for those with stage IIC to IID disease (P &lt; .0001). No patient with IIC or IID disease treated with ChT relapsed as compared with 56% of patients treated with RT (0 of 14 v nine of 16, P = .002). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p> Radiation therapy is highly effective in patients with stage IIA or IIB seminoma (89% were relapse free). In stage IIC or IID disease, although local control with RT is excellent, a 50% risk of distant relapse is unacceptable, and not all patients who relapse can be salvaged. Chemotherapy should clearly be the primary treatment in patients with stage IIC or IID seminoma. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1998.16.1.290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T10:06:55Z","timestamp":1487930815000},"page":"290-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Management of stage II seminoma."],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Warde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Gospodarowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Panzarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Catton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Sturgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Jewett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"233","container-title":["Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T22:19:23Z","timestamp":1653517163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.1998.16.1.290","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-7755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}}}