{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:52:09Z","timestamp":1791939129952,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The RET proto-oncogene, located on chromosome subband 10q11.2, encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in tissues and tumors derived from neural crest. Germline (present in every cell of the body) mutations in RET cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), an inherited cancer syndrome characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma (PC), and hyperparathyroidism (HPT). This knowledge has allowed molecular diagnosis and presymptomatic DNA-based testing to become possible. RET testing is considered the standard of care in MEN 2 families because clinical decisions are made based on the results of such gene testing. There appears to be a correlation between specific RET mutation type and organ-specific tumor development. Such knowledge might be useful in tailoring targeted surveillance in the near future. Somatic (in the tumor only) RET mutations have been found in a proportion of sporadic MTCs and PCs. Whether the presence of somatic RET mutation is associated with a poor prognosis is currently being investigated as another tool for molecular medicine. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1999.17.1.380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T06:52:05Z","timestamp":1487919125000},"page":"380-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":262,"title":["<i>RET<\/i> Proto-Oncogene in the Development of Human Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Charis","family":"Eng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Adult Oncology, Charles A. Dana Human Cancer Genetics Unit, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Cancer Research Campaign Human Cancer Genetics Research Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Human Cancer Genetics Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R1-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90115-1"},{"key":"R2-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi  M,  Cooper  GM:  transforming gene encodes a fusion protein homologous to tyrosine kinases.  Mol Cell Biol 3:1378,1987-1385, RET","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.7.4.1378-1385.1987"},{"key":"R3-0380","unstructured":"Takahashi  M,  Buma  Y,  Iwamoto  T, et al: Cloning and expression of the  proto-oncogene encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase with two potential transmembrane domains.  Oncogene 3:571,1988-578, ret"},{"key":"R4-0380","unstructured":"Santoro  M,  Rosato  R,  Grieco  M, et al: The  proto-oncogene is consistently expressed in human pheochromocytomas and thyroid medullary carcinomas.  Oncogene 5:1595,1990-1598, ret"},{"key":"R5-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711720305"},{"key":"R6-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/2.3.241"},{"key":"R7-0380","unstructured":"Myers  SM,  Eng  C,  Ponder  BAJ, et al: Characterization of  proto-oncogene 3' splicing variants and polyadenylation sites: A novel C-terminus for .  Oncogene 11:2039,1995-2045, RET RET"},{"key":"R8-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381789a0"},{"key":"R9-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381785a0"},{"key":"R10-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81311-2"},{"key":"R11-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382080a0"},{"key":"R12-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.12.6238"},{"key":"R13-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.20.10657"},{"key":"R14-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384467a0"},{"key":"R15-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jing  SQ,  Yu YB Fang  M, et al: GFR-alpha-2 and GFR-alpha-3 are two new receptors for ligands of the GDNF family.  J Biol Chem 272:33111,1998-33117,","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.52.33111"},{"key":"R16-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80365-7"},{"key":"R17-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80318-9"},{"key":"R18-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/42729"},{"key":"R19-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/42722"},{"key":"R20-0380","unstructured":"Lorenzo  MJ,  Eng  C,  Mulligan  LM, et al: Multiple mRNA isoforms of the human  proto-oncogene generated by alternate splicing.  Oncogene 10:1377,1995-1383, RET"},{"key":"R21-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90659-3"},{"key":"R22-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.13.1.358"},{"key":"R23-0380","unstructured":"Lanzi  C,  Borrello  MG,  Bongarzone  I, et al: Identification of the product of two oncogenic forms of the ret proto-oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinomas.  Oncogene 7:2189,1992-2194,"},{"key":"R24-0380","unstructured":"Santoro  M,  Dathan  NA,  Berlingieri  MT, et al: Molecular characterisation of \/a novel rearranged verson of the  proto-oncogene in a human thyroid papillary carcinoma.  Oncogene 9:509,1990-516, RET PTC3,  RET"},{"key":"R25-0380","unstructured":"Bongarzone  I,  Butti  MG,  Coronelli  S, et al: Frequent activation of the  proto-oncogene by fusion with a new activating gene in papillary thyroid carcinomas.  Cancer Res 54:2979,1994-2985, ret"},{"key":"R26-0380","unstructured":"Klugbauer  S,  Demidchik  EP,  Lengfelder  E, et al: Detection of a novel type of  rearrangement (PTC5) in thyroid carcinomas after Chernobyl and analysis of the involved -fused gene RFG5.  Cancer Res 58:198,1998-203, RET RET"},{"key":"R27-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.35.020184.000325"},{"key":"R28-0380","unstructured":"Easton  DF,  Ponder  MA,  Cummings  T, et al: The clinical and screening age-at-onset distribution for the MEN-2 syndrome.  Am J Hum Genet 44:208,1989-215,"},{"key":"R29-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponder  BAJ,  Ponder  MA,  Coffey  R, et al: Risk estimation and screening in families of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.  Lancet 1:397,1988-400,","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91191-9"},{"key":"R30-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196808)22:2<293::AID-CNCR2820220206>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"R31-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730411"},{"key":"R34-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-10-802"},{"key":"R35-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1980.01380020012004"},{"key":"R36-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409293311302"},{"key":"R37-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.505292.x"},{"key":"R38-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wells  SA,  Chi  DD,  Toshima  D, et al: Predictive DNA testing and prophylactic thyroidectomy in patients at risk for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.  Ann Surg 200:237,1994-250,","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199409000-00002"},{"key":"R39-0380","unstructured":"Telander  RL,  Moir  CR: Medullary thyroid carcinoma in children.  Semin Pediatr Surg 3:188,1994-193,"},{"key":"R40-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/363458a0"},{"key":"R41-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/2.7.851"},{"key":"R42-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0194-70"},{"key":"R43-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1995.tb01208.x"},{"key":"R44-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540190047028"},{"key":"R45-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199609263351307"},{"key":"R46-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)9:2<97::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"R47-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.4.635"},{"key":"R48-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.8.1259"},{"key":"R49-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.11.1939"},{"key":"R50-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1994.1526"},{"key":"R51-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02738727"},{"key":"R52-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218825"},{"key":"R53-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.9.4197"},{"key":"R54-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7824936"},{"key":"R55-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asai  N,  Iwashita  T,  Matsuyama  M, et al: Mechanism of activation of the  proto-oncogene by multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A mutations.  Mol Cell Biol 3:1613,1995-1619, ret","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.3.1613"},{"key":"R56-0380","unstructured":"Borrello  MG,  Smith  DP,  Pasini  B, et al:  activation by germline MEN 2A and MEN 2B mutations.  Oncogene 11:2419,1995-2427, RET"},{"key":"R57-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/367375a0"},{"key":"R58-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.2.237"},{"key":"R59-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.4.1579"},{"key":"R60-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossel  M,  Schuffenecker  I,  Schlumberger  M, et al: Detection of a germline mutation at codon 918 of the RET proto-oncogene in French MEN 2B families.  Hum Genet 95:403,1995-406,","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00208964"},{"key":"R61-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb00547.x"},{"key":"R62-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.11.4508"},{"key":"R63-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201481"},{"key":"R64-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3291115"},{"key":"R65-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201413"},{"key":"R66-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/373536a0"},{"key":"R67-0380","unstructured":"Bolino  A,  Schuffenecker  I,  Luo  Y, et al:  mutations in exons 13 and 14 of FMTC patients.  Oncogene 10:2415,1995-2419, RET"},{"key":"R68-0380","unstructured":"Eng  C,  Smith  DP,  Mulligan  LM, et al: A novel point mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of the  proto-oncogene in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma and in a family with FMTC.  Oncogene 10:509,1995-513, RET"},{"key":"R69-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boccia  LM,  Green  JS,  Joyce  C, et al: Mutation of  codon 768 is associated with the FMTC phenotype.  Clin Genet 51:81,1997-85, RET","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02424.x"},{"key":"R71-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950801)76:3<479::AID-CNCR2820760319>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"R72-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berndt  I,  Reuter  M,  Saller  B, et al: A new hotspot for mutations in the  proto-oncogene causing familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:770,1998-774, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.3.770"},{"key":"R73-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofstra  RMW,  Fattoruso  O,  Quadro  L, et al: A novel point mutation in the intracellular domain of the  proto-oncogene in a family with medullary thyroid carcinoma.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:4176,1997-4178, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.12.4176"},{"key":"R74-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.4.587"},{"key":"R75-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank-Raue  K,  H\u00f6ppner W, Frilling  A, et al: Mutations of the  proto-oncogene in German MEN families: relation between genotype and phenotype.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1780,1996-1783, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.5.1780"},{"key":"R76-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schuffenecker  I,  Virally-Monod  M,  Brohet  R, et al: Risk and penetrance of primary hyperparathyroidism in MEN 2A families with codon 634 mutations of the  proto-oncogene.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:487,1998-491, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.2.487"},{"key":"R77-0380","unstructured":"Easton  DF,  Ponder  MA,  Cummings  T, et al: The clinical and age-at-onset distribution for the MEN-2 syndrome.  Am J Hum Genet 44:208,1989-215,"},{"key":"R78-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197808000-00002"},{"key":"R79-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zedenius  J,  Larsson  C,  Bergholm  U, et al: Mutations of codon 918 in the  proto-oncogene correlate to poor prognosis in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:3088,1995-3090, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.10.3088"},{"key":"R80-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530140061033"},{"key":"R81-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.4.643"},{"key":"R82-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-2760(95)00151-4"},{"key":"R83-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.5.1730"},{"key":"R84-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.7.7.669"},{"key":"R85-0380","unstructured":"Carlomagno  F,  Salvatore  G,  Cirafici  AM, et al: The different -activating capability of mutations of cysteine 620 or cysteine 634 correlates with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 disease phenotype.  Cancer Res 57:391,1997-395, RET"},{"key":"R86-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201199"},{"key":"R87-0380","unstructured":"Ito  S,  Iwashita  T,  Asai  N, et al: Biological properties of Ret with cysteine mutations correlate with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and Hirchsprung's disease phenotype.  Cancer Res 57:2870,1997-2872,"},{"key":"R88-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00330-0"},{"key":"R89-0380","unstructured":"Ponder  BAJ,  Finer  N,  Coffey  R, et al: Family screening in medullary thyroid carcinoma presenting without a family history.  Q J Med 67:299,1988-308,"},{"key":"R90-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(05)80332-0"},{"key":"R91-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01903.x"},{"key":"R92-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wohlik  N,  Cote  GJ,  Bugalho  MMJ, et al: Relevance of  proto-oncogene mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3740,1996-3745, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.10.3740"},{"key":"R93-0380","unstructured":"Schuffenecker  I,  Ginet  N,  Goldgar  D, et al: Prevalence and parental origin of de novo mutations in MEN 2A and FMTC.  Am J Hum Genet 60:233,1997-237,  RET"},{"key":"R95-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.2870120308"},{"key":"R96-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.10.1895"},{"key":"R97-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.681503.x"},{"key":"R98-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romei  C,  Elisei  R,  Pinchera  A, et al: Somatic mutations of the  proto-oncogene in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma are not restricted to exon 16 and are associated with tumor recurrence.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1619,1996-1622, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.4.1619"},{"key":"R99-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000185461"},{"key":"R100-0380","unstructured":"Marsh  DJ,  Andrew  SD,  Eng  C, et al: Germline and somatic mutations in an oncogene:  mutations in inherited medullary thyroid carcinoma.  Cancer Res 56:1241,1996-1243, RET"},{"key":"R101-0380","unstructured":"Eng  C,  Mulligan  LM,  Healey  CS, et al: Heterogeneous mutation of the  proto-oncogene in subpopulations of medullary thyroid carcinoma.  Cancer Res 56:2167,1996-2170, RET"},{"key":"R102-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050339"},{"key":"R103-0380","unstructured":"Marshall  GM,  Peaston  AE,  Hocker  JE, et al: Expression of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B RET in neuroblastoma cells alter cell adhesion in vitro enhances metastatic behavior in vivo and activates Jun kinase.  Cancer Res 57:5399,1997-5405,"},{"key":"R106-0380","unstructured":"Alemi  M,  Lucas  SD,  S\u00e4llstr\u00f6m JF,et al: A novel deletion in the  proto-oncogene found in sporadic thyroid carcinoma.  Anticancer Res 16:2619,1996-2622, RET"},{"key":"R107-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beldjord  B,  Desclaux-Arramond  F,  Raffin-Sanson  M, et al: The  proto-oncogene in sporadic pheochromocytomas: Frequent MEN 2-like mutations and new molecular defects.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:2063,1995-2068, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.7.7608256"},{"key":"R108-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindor  NM,  Honchel  R,  Khosla  S, et al: Mutations in the  proto-oncogene in sporadic pheochromocytomas.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:627,1995-629, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.2.7852530"},{"key":"R109-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.12.934"},{"key":"R110-0380","unstructured":"Padberg  B-C,  Schr\u00f6der  S,  Jochum  W, et al: Absence of  proto-oncogene point mutations in sporadic hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the parathyroid gland.  Am J Pathol 147:1600,1995-1607, RET"},{"key":"R111-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pausova  Z,  Soliman  E,  Amizuka  N, et al: Role of the  proto-oncogene in sporadic hyperparathyroidism and in hyperparathyroidism of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:2711,1996-2718, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.7.2711"},{"key":"R113-0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komminoth  P,  Roth  J,  Muletta-Feurer  S, et al:  proto-oncogene point mutations in sporadic neuroendocrine tumors.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:2041,1996-2046, RET","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.6.8964826"},{"key":"R114-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199804)21:4<326::AID-GCC6>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"R115-0380","unstructured":"Takahashi  M,  Buma  Y,  Taniguchi  M: Identification of ret proto-oncogene products in neuroblastoma and leukemia cells.  Oncogene 6:297,1991-301,"},{"key":"R116-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196701192760303"},{"key":"R117-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0595-35"},{"key":"R118-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.10.1577"},{"key":"R119-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.12.2163"},{"key":"R120-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(05)80057-1"},{"key":"R121-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.5.821"},{"key":"R122-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.8.1381"},{"key":"R123-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0107"},{"key":"R124-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410060404"},{"key":"R125-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1998.0682"},{"key":"R126-0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(07)00422-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.1.380","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T21:44:22Z","timestamp":1653515062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.1.380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.1.380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.1999.17.1.380","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-7755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}}}