{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:16:56Z","timestamp":1789579016412,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> PURPOSE: Subcutaneous (SC) octreotide acetate effectively relieves the diarrhea and flushing associated with carcinoid syndrome but requires long-term multiple injections daily. A microencapsulated long-acting formulation (LAR) of octreotide acetate has been developed for once-monthly intramuscular dosing. <\/jats:p><jats:p> PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized trial compared double-blinded octreotide LAR at 10, 20, and 30 mg every 4 weeks with open-label SC octreotide every 8 hours for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. Seventy-nine patients controlled with treatment of SC octreotide 0.3 to 0.9 mg\/d whose symptoms returned during a washout period and who returned for at least the week 20 evaluation constituted the efficacy-assessable population. <\/jats:p><jats:p> RESULTS: Complete or partial treatment success was comparable in each of the four arms of the study (SC, 58.3%; 10 mg, 66.7%; 20 mg, 71.4%; 30 mg, 61.9%; P \u2265 .72 for all pairwise comparisons). Control of stool frequency was similar in all treatment groups. Flushing episodes were best controlled in the 20-mg LAR and SC groups; the 10-mg LAR treatment was least effective in the control of flushing. Treatment was well tolerated by patients in all four groups. <\/jats:p><jats:p> CONCLUSION: Once octreotide steady-state concentrations are achieved, octreotide LAR controls the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome at least as well as SC octreotide. A starting dose of 20 mg of octreotide LAR is recommended. Supplemental SC octreotide is needed for approximately 2 weeks after initiation of octreotide LAR treatment. Occasional rescue SC injections may be required for possibly 2 to 3 months until steady-state octreotide levels from the LAR formulation are achieved. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1999.17.2.600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T06:19:31Z","timestamp":1487917171000},"page":"600-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":314,"title":["Octreotide Acetate Long-Acting Formulation Versus Open-Label Subcutaneous Octreotide Acetate in Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Rubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, OH; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital, New York, NY; the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaffer","family":"Ajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, OH; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital, New York, NY; the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, OH; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital, New York, NY; the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan P.","family":"Venook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, OH; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital, New York, NY; the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Bukowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, OH; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital, New York, NY; the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Pommier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, OH; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital, New York, NY; the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Saltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, OH; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital, New York, NY; the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paresh","family":"Dandona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, OH; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital, New York, NY; the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lowell","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, OH; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital, New York, NY; the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R1-0600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb17296.x"},{"key":"R4-0600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1994.424"},{"key":"R5-0600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197508)36:2<560::AID-CNCR2820360235>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"R7-0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modlin  IM,  Sandor  A: An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors.  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