{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:21:58Z","timestamp":1785842518953,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> PURPOSE: No standardized therapeutic interventions have been reported for patients diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy. Of the potential interventions, none have been prospectively evaluated for treatment efficacy in the mother or safety for the fetus. We present our experience with the use of combination chemotherapy for breast cancer during pregnancy. <\/jats:p><jats:p> PATIENTS AND METHODS: During the past 8 years, 24 pregnant patients with primary or recurrent cancer of the breast were managed by outpatient chemotherapy, surgery, or surgery plus radiation therapy, as clinically indicated. The chemotherapy included fluorouracil (1,000 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), doxorubicin (50 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and cyclophosphamide (500 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), administered every 3 to 4 weeks after the first trimester of pregnancy. Care was provided by medical oncologists, breast surgeons, and perinatal obstetricians. <\/jats:p><jats:p> RESULTS: Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 18 of the 22 patients, and two patients were treated with segmental mastectomy with postpartum radiation therapy. This group included patients in all trimesters of pregnancy. The patients received a median of four cycles of combination chemotherapy during pregnancy. No antepartum complications temporally attributable to systemic therapy were noted. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38 weeks. Apgar scores, birthweights, and immediate postpartum health were reported to be normal for all of the children. <\/jats:p><jats:p> CONCLUSION: Breast cancer can be treated with chemotherapy during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy with minimal complications of labor and delivery. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1999.17.3.855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T09:58:08Z","timestamp":1487930288000},"page":"855-855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":290,"title":["Management of Breast Cancer During Pregnancy Using a Standardized Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"David L.","family":"Berry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Breast Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Theriault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Breast Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frankie A.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Breast Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie M.","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Breast Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Booser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Breast Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Eva","family":"Singletary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Breast Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aman U.","family":"Buzdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Breast Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel N.","family":"Hortobagyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Breast Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R1-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)41594-X"},{"key":"R2-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730805"},{"key":"R3-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1985.01390350007001"},{"key":"R4-0855","unstructured":"Barnovan  Y,  Wallack  MK: Management of the pregnant patient with carcinoma of the breast.  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Surg Gynecol Obstet 100:661,1955-666,"},{"key":"R12-0855","unstructured":"Parente  JT,  Amsel  KM,  Lerner  R, et al: Breast cancer associated with pregnancy.  Obstet Gynecol 71:861,1988-864,"},{"key":"R13-0855","unstructured":"Applewhite  RR,  Smith  LR,  DiVencenti  F: Carcinoma of the breast associated with pregnancy and lactation.  Am Surg 39:101,1973-104,"},{"key":"R14-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1968.78"},{"key":"R17-0855","unstructured":"Holleb  AI,  Farrow  JH: The relation of carcinoma of the breast and pregnancy in 283 patients.  Surg Gynecol Obstet 115:65,1962-71,"},{"key":"R18-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)35439-4"},{"key":"R19-0855","unstructured":"Theriault  RL,  Hortobagyi  GN: When breast cancer complicates pregnancy: What options are available?  Prim Care Cancer 9:27,1989-32,"},{"key":"R20-0855","unstructured":"Brent  RL: Ionizing radiation.  Contemp Ob\/Gyn 30:20,1987-29,"},{"key":"R22-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194311850-00008"},{"key":"R24-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1929.01140140035002"},{"key":"R25-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90659-5"},{"key":"R28-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1968.tb02083.x"},{"key":"R29-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(78)90196-7"},{"key":"R30-0855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)33440-2"},{"key":"R31-0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosemond  GP: Management of patients with carcinoma of the breast in pregnancy.  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