{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T07:54:23Z","timestamp":1790409263938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p> In relapsed and\/or refractory multiple myeloma, daratumumab reduced the risk of progression or death by &gt; 60% in POLLUX (daratumumab\/lenalidomide\/dexamethasone [D-Rd]) and CASTOR (daratumumab\/bortezomib\/dexamethasone [D-Vd]). Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a sensitive measure of disease control. Sustained MRD negativity and outcomes were evaluated in these studies. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p> MRD was assessed via next-generation sequencing (10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>) at suspected complete response (CR), 3 and 6 months following confirmed CR (POLLUX), 6 and 12 months following the first dose (CASTOR), and every 12 months post-CR in both studies. Sustained MRD negativity (\u2265 6 or \u2265 12 months) was evaluated in the intention-to-treat (ITT) and \u2265 CR populations. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p> The median follow-up was 54.8 months in POLLUX and 50.2 months in CASTOR. In the ITT population, MRD-negativity rates were 32.5% versus 6.7% for D-Rd versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) and 15.1% versus 1.6% for D-Vd versus bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd; both P &lt; .0001). Higher MRD negativity rates were achieved in \u2265 CR patients in POLLUX (D-Rd, 57.4%; Rd, 29.2%; P = .0001) and CASTOR (D-Vd, 52.8%; Vd, 17.4%; P = .0035). More patients in the ITT population achieved sustained MRD negativity \u2265 6 months with D-Rd versus Rd (20.3% v 2.1%; P &lt; .0001) and D-Vd versus Vd (10.4% v 1.2%; P &lt; .0001), and \u2265 12 months with D-Rd versus Rd (16.1% v 1.4%; P &lt; .0001) and D-Vd versus Vd (6.8% v 0%). Similar results for sustained MRD negativity were observed among \u2265 CR patients. More patients in the daratumumab-containing arms achieved MRD negativity and sustained MRD negativity, which were associated with prolonged progression-free survival. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p> Daratumumab-based combinations induce higher rates of sustained MRD negativity versus standard of care, which are associated with durable remissions and prolonged clinical outcomes. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.20.01814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T20:59:21Z","timestamp":1611953961000},"page":"1139-1149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Evaluation of Sustained Minimal Residual Disease Negativity With Daratumumab-Combination Regimens in Relapsed and\/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Analysis of POLLUX and CASTOR"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3050-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Avet-Loiseau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite de Genomique du Myelome, IUC-Oncopole, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9183-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"San-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra-CIMA, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tineke","family":"Casneuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Iida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8322-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagar","family":"Lonial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5484-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad Z.","family":"Usmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Levine Cancer Institute\/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Health-Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, University Hospital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben","family":"Plesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vejle Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Weisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Ukropec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Horsham, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himal","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Krevvata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Ramaswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Kobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7353-7034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nizar J.","family":"Bahlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.239"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.3160"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.222"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-06-858613"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.2517"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.3112"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003032"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V124.21.3474.3474"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2015.1007813"},{"key":"b11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501351"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-12-687749"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0855-4"},{"key":"b14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.23693"},{"key":"b15","volume-title":"DARZALEX\u00ae (Daratumumab) [Package Insert]","year":"2020"},{"key":"b16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606038"},{"key":"b17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607751"},{"key":"b18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.194282"},{"key":"b19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.194118"},{"key":"b20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404284"},{"key":"b21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-299487"},{"key":"b22","volume-title":"ClonoSEQ\u00ae Assay Technical Information. Seattle, WA, Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation","year":"2018"},{"key":"b25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-016-0308-3"},{"key":"b26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40320-5_7"},{"key":"b27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/832049"},{"key":"b28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611750"},{"key":"b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4527","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.4527.4527","volume":"128","author":"Kazandjian D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"b30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017005934"},{"key":"b31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.07.040"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/JCO.20.01814","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T08:30:25Z","timestamp":1653813025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/JCO.20.01814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/JCO.20.01814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.20.01814","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-7755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-23","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}