{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:52:45Z","timestamp":1791395565121,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p> Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has proven efficacy in high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB). A small phase I GD2\/GD3 vaccine trial (n = 15) described long-term survival and a favorable safety profile among patients with a history of disease progression (PD). The kinetics of mounting antibody response to vaccine and its prognostic impact on survival are now investigated in a phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00911560 ). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p> One hundred two patients with HR-NB who achieved remission after salvage therapies were enrolled in this trial. They received seven subcutaneous injections of GD2\/GD3 vaccine spanning 1 year plus oral \u03b2-glucan starting at week 6 after the third dose of vaccine. Serum anti-vaccine antibody titers were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan-Meier and landmark Cox Regression models were used for survival estimates. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p> Patients had a history of one (63%), two (21%), or three to six (16%) episodes of PD. 82% of them progressed following anti-GD2 mAb (m3F8\/dinutuximab\/naxitamab) therapy. Vaccine-related toxicities were self-limited injection\u2013associated local reactions and fever without any &gt; grade 3 toxicities. The progression-free survival (PFS) was 32% \u00b1 6%, and the overall survival (OS) was 71% \u00b1 7% at 5 years. Serum anti-GD2 (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] and IgM) and anti-GD3 (IgG1) titers showed notable increases following the initiation of \u03b2-glucan at week 6. There was an association between IgG1 titer and SNP rs3901533 of dectin-1, the \u03b2-glucan receptor. Multivariable analyses showed that anti-GD2-IgG1 titer \u2265 150 ng\/mL by week 8 was associated with favorable PFS and OS, while having prior episodes of PD and the time from last PD to vaccine were associated with PFS. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p> GD2\/GD3 vaccine plus \u03b2-glucan elicited robust antibody responses in patients with HR-NB with prior PD. Higher anti-GD2-IgG1 titer was associated with improved survival. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.20.01892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T21:04:34Z","timestamp":1608152674000},"page":"215-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Survival Impact of Anti-GD2 Antibody Response in a Phase II Ganglioside Vaccine Trial Among Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma With Prior Disease Progression"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Irene Y.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai-Kong V.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 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