{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:22:28Z","timestamp":1790266948829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To determine clinical and immunologic responses to a multipeptide melanoma vaccine regimen, a randomized phase II trial was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients and Methods: Twenty-six patients with advanced melanoma were randomly assigned to vaccination with a mixture of four gp100 and tyrosinase peptides restricted by HLA-A1, HLA-A2, and HLA-A3, plus a tetanus helper peptide, either in an emulsion with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant (Seppic Inc, Fairfield, NJ), or pulsed on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Systemic low-dose interleukin-2 (Chiron, Emeryville, CA) was given to both groups. T-lymphocyte responses were assessed, by interferon gamma ELIspot assay (Chiron, Emeryville, CA), in peripheral-blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and in a lymph node draining a vaccine site (sentinel immunized node [SIN]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: In patients vaccinated with GM-CSF in adjuvant, T-cell responses to melanoma peptides were observed in 42% of PBLs and 80% of SINs, but in patients vaccinated with DCs, they were observed in only 11% and 13%, respectively. The overall immune response was greater in the GM-CSF arm (P &lt; .02). Vitiligo developed in two of 13 patients in the GM-CSF arm but in no patients in the DC arm. Helper T-cell responses to the tetanus peptide were detected in PBLs after vaccination and correlated with T-cell reactivity to the melanoma peptides. Objective clinical responses were observed in two patients in the GM-CSF arm and one patient in the DC arm. Stable disease was observed in two patients in the GM-CSF arm and one patient in the DC arm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: The high frequency of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and the occurrence of clinical tumor regressions support continued investigation of multipeptide vaccines administered with GM-CSF in adjuvant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2003.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,28]],"date-time":"2003-10-28T02:43:52Z","timestamp":1067309032000},"page":"4016-4026","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":255,"title":["Clinical and Immunologic Results of a Randomized Phase II Trial of Vaccination Using Four Melanoma Peptides Either Administered in Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Adjuvant or Pulsed on Dendritic Cells"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"21","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Craig L.","family":"Slingluff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina R.","family":"Petroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina V.","family":"Yamshchikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna L.","family":"Barnd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Eastham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Galavotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna H.","family":"Deacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hibbitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Teates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice Y.","family":"Neese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Grosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Chianese-Bullock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.H.","family":"Woodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Wiernasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pathology, Radiology, Medicine\/Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Microbiology\/Beirne Carter Center for Immunology, Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Merrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery\/Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Health Evaluation 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